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2010 EEE III SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2010 EEE, Anna University Madurai 2010
Semester: 3

10177MA301, Transforms and Partial Differential Equations

The course objective is to develop the skills of the students in the areas of Transforms and
Partial Differential Equations. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large
number of engineering subjects like heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics
and electromagnetic theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and
specialized studies and research.


Unit I - FOURIER SERIES
Dirichlets conditions ,General Fourier series , Odd and even functions - Half range sine series , Half range cosine series , Complex form of Fourier Series , - Parsevals identify,Harmonic Analysis.

Unit II - FOURIER TRANSFORMS
Fourier integral theorem (without proof) , Fourier transform pair - Sine and Cosine transforms , Properties , Transforms of simple functions - Convolution theorem , Parsevals identity.

Unit III - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Formation of partial differential equations , Solutions of standard types of first order partial - differential equations , Lagranges linear equation , - Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficient

Unit IV - APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Solutions of one dimensional wave equation , One dimensional equation of heat conduction - Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat conduction (Insulated edges - excluded) , Fourier series solutions in cartesian coordinates.

Unit V - Z TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Z-transforms ,Elementary properties , Inverse Z-transform , - Convolution theorem Formation of difference equations - Solution of difference equations using Z-transform.

TEXT BOOKS
1. T. Veerarajan, Transforms and Partial Differential Equations, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009
2. Grewal, B.S, Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40th Edition, Khanna publishers, Delhi,
(2007)
REFERENCES
1. Ramana.B.V., Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing Company
limited, New Delhi (2007).
2. Glyn James, Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, Third Edition, Pearson
Education (2007).
3. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., Engineering Mathematics Volume
III, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996

10177GE001, Environmental Science and Engineering

OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course the student is expected to understand what constitutes the environment,
what are precious resources in the environment, how to conserve these resources,
what is the role of a human being in maintaining a clean environment and useful environment for the
future generations and how to maintain ecological balance and preserve bio-diversity.

Unit I - ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
Definition, scope and importance of environment - need for public awareness - concept of an ecosystem - structure and function of an ecosystem - producers, consumers and decomposers - energy flow in the ecosystem - ecological succession - food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the - (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic - ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) - Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity - biogeographical classification of India value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social - ethical, aesthetic and option values - Biodiversity at global - national and local levels - India as a mega,diversity nation , hotspots of biodiversity ,threats to biodiversity: habitat loss - poaching of wildlife,manwildlife conflicts - endangered and endemic species of India - conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex- situ conservation of biodiversity - Field study of common plants, insects, birds - Field study of simple ecosystems , pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

Unit II - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Definition, causes, effects and control measures of - (a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution (c)Soil pollution - (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards - soil waste management: causes, effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes - role of an individual in prevention of pollution - pollution case studies disaster - management: floods, earthquake - cyclone and landslides - Field study of local polluted site - Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.

Unit III - NATURAL RESOURCES
Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies - timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people - water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water - floods, drought,conflicts over water - dams-benefits and problems - Mineral resources: Use and exploitation - environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources - case studies ,Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, - effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer - pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies - Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources - use of alternate energy sources. case studies - Land resources: Land as a resource - land degradation, man induced landslides - soil erosion and desertification - role of an individual in conservation of natural resources - Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles - Field study of local area to document environmental assets - river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain.

Unit IV - SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
From unsustainable to sustainable development - urban problems related to energy - water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management - resettlement and rehabilitation of people - its problems and concerns, case studies - role of non governmental organization - environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions - climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion - nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies - wasteland reclamation - consumerism and waste products - environment production act - Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act - Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) act - Wildlife protection act - Forest conservation act - enforcement machinery involved in environmental legislation - central and state pollution control boards- Public awareness.

Unit V - HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Population growth, variation among nations - population explosion - family welfare programme - environment and human health - human rights value education - HIV / AIDS , women and child welfare - role of information technology in environment and human health - Case studies.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gilbert M.Masters, Introduction to Environmental Engineering and
Science, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education ,2004.
2. Benny Joseph, Environmental Science and Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill,
New Delhi, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. R.K. Trivedi, Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines,Compliances
and Standards, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media.
2. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico
Publ., House, Mumbai, 2001.
3. Dharmendra S. Sengar, Environmental law, Prentice H all of India PVT LTD, New
Delhi, 2007.
4. Rajagopalan, R, Environmental Studies-From Crisis to Cure, Oxford University
Press (2005)

10133EE302, Measurements & Instrumentation

AIM

To provide adequate knowledge in electrical instruments and measurements techniques.

OBJECTIVES

To make the student have a clear knowledge of the basic laws governing the operation of the instruments, relevant circuits and their working.

i. Introduction to general instrument system, error, calibration etc.
ii. Emphasis is laid on analog and digital techniques used to measure voltage, current, energy and power etc.
iii. To have an adequate knowledge of comparison methods of measurement.
iv. Elaborate discussion about storage & display devices.
v. Exposure to various transducers and data acquisition system.


Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Functional elements of an instrument - Static and dynamic characteristics - Errors in measurement - Statistical evaluation of measurement data - Standards and calibration.

Unit II - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTS
Principle and types of analog voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters - Single and three phase wattmeters and energy meters - Magnetic measurements - Determination of B H curve and measurements of iron loss - Instrument transformers - Instruments for measurement of frequency and phase.

Unit III - COMPARISON METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
D.C & A.C potentiometers, - D.C & A.C bridges, - transformer ratio bridges, - self-balancing bridges. Interference & screening - Multiple earth and earth loops - Electrostatic and electromagnetic interference - Grounding techniques.

Unit IV - STORAGE AND DISPLAY DEVICES
Magnetic disk and tape Recorders, - digital plotters and printers, - CRT display, - digital CRO, - LED, LCD & dot matrix display - Data Loggers

Unit V - TRANSDUCERS AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS
Classification of transducers - Selection of transducers - Resistive, capacitive & inductive transducers - Piezoelectric, optical and digital transducers - Elements of data acquisition system ?Smart sensors.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Doebelin.E.O, -Measurement Systems - Application and Design-, Tata McGraw Hill publishing company, 2003.
2. Sawhney.A.K, -A Course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation-,Dhanpat Rai and Co, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Bouwens.A.J, -Digital Instrumentation-, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.
2. Moorthy.D.V.S, -Transducers and Instrumentation-, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2007.
3. Kalsi.H.S, -Electronic Instrumentation-, Tata McGraw Hill, II Edition 2004.
4. Martin Reissland, -Electrical Measurements- New Age International (P) Ltd., Delhi, 2001.
5. J. B. Gupta, -A Course in Electronic and Electrical Measurements-, S. K. Kataria & Sons,Delhi, 2003.
 

10133EE303, Electromagnetic Theory

AIM

This subject aims to provide the student an understanding of the fundamentals of electromagnetic fields and their applications in Electrical Engineering.

OBJECTIVES

To impart knowledge on

i. Concepts of electrostatics, electrical potential, energy density and their applications.
ii. Concepts of magnetostatics, magnetic flux density, scalar and vector potential and its applications.
iii. Faradays laws, induced emf and their applications.
iv. Concepts of electromagnetic waves and Poynting vector.

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Sources and effects of electromagnetic fields - Vector fields - Different co-ordinate systems - vector calculus - Gradient, Divergence and Curl - Divergence theorem - Stokes theorem.

Unit II - ELECTROSTATICS
Coulombs Law - Electric field intensity - Field due to point and continuous charges - Gausss law and application - Electric potential - Electric field and equipotential plots - Electric field in free space, conductors, dielectric - Dielectric polarization - Dielectric strength - Electric field in multiple dielectrics - Boundary conditions, Poisson?s and Laplaces equations - Capacitance - Energy density.

Unit III - MAGNETOSTATICS
Lorentz Law of force, magnetic field intensity - Biot savart Law - Amperes Law - Magnetic field due to straight conductors, circular loop, infinite sheet of current - Magnetic flux density (B) - B in free space, conductor, magnetic materials - Magnetization - Magnetic field in multiple media - Boundary conditions - Scalar and vector potential - Magnetic force - Torque - Inductance - Energy density - Magnetic circuits.

Unit IV - ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS
Faradays laws, induced emf - Transformer and motional EMF - Forces and Energy in quasi - stationary Electromagnetic Fields - Maxwells equations (differential and integral forms) - Displacement current - Relation between field theory and circuit theory.

Unit V - ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Generation - Electro Magnetic Wave equations - Wave parameters; velocity, intrinsic impedance, propagation constant - Waves in free space, lossy and lossless dielectrics,conductors - skin depth, Poynting vector - Plane wave reflection and refraction - Transmission - lines ? Line equations ? Input impedances ? Standing wave ratio and power.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Mathew N. O. Sadiku, -Elements of Electromagnetics-, Oxford University press Inc. First India edition, 2007.
2. Ashutosh Pramanik, -Electromagnetism - Theory and Applications-, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Joseph. A.Edminister, -Theory and Problems of Electromagnetics-, Second edition,Schaum Series, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993.
2. William .H.Hayt, -Engineering Electromagnetics- Tata McGraw Hill edition, 2001.
3. Kraus and Fleish, -Electromagnetics with Applications-, McGraw Hill International Editions, Fifth Edition, 1999.

10133EE305, Electronic Devices & Circuits

AIM

To study the characteristics and applications of electronic devices.

OBJECTIVES

To acquaint the students with construction, theory and characteristics of the following electronic devices:
i) p-n junction diode
ii) Bipolar transistor
iii) Field effect transistor
iv) LED, LCD and other photo electronic devices
v) Power control / regulator devices


Unit I - PN DIODE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
PH junction diode VI characteristics - Rd, temperature effects - Drift ad diffusion currents - switching - Rectifiers: HWR, FWR, BR, filters - Zener diode - VI characteristics, Regulators(series and shunt), LED, LCD characteristics and applications.

Unit II - BJT AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Junction transistor - Transistor construction - Input and output characteristics - CE, CB and CC configurations - hybrid model - Analytical expressions - switching - RF application - Power transistors - Opto couplers.

Unit III - FET AND ITS APPLICATIONS
FET - VI characteristics, VP, JFET - small signal model - LF and HF equivalent circuits - CS and CD amplifiers - cascade and cascade - Darlington connection - MOSFET Characteristics - enhancement and depletion

Unit IV - AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS
Differential amplifiers: CM and DM - condition for ofc - feedback amplifiers - stability - Voltage / current, series / shunt feedback - oscillators - LC, RC, crystal

Unit V - PULSE CIRCUITS
RC wave shaping circuits - Diode clampers and clippers - Multivibrators - Schmitt triggers - UJT based saw tooth oscillators.

TEXT BOOKS

1.Milman & Halkias, - Electronic Devices and Circuits-,TataMcGraw Hill, 2007
2. Rashid, -Microelectronic circuits- Thomson Publication, 1999
3. B.P.Singh & Rekha Sing, -Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits- Pearson Education,2006.
4.Floyd.T.L, - Electronic Devices and Circuits-,Pearson Education,2003.
5.Boylsted and Nashelsky, - Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory-, PHI, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1.Theodre F.Boghert, -Electronic Devices & Circuits- Pearson Education, VI Edition, 2003.
2.Paynter, -Introductory lectronic devices and circuits, PHI,2006.
3.David Bell -Electronic Devices and Circuits- ,PHI,2007

10133EE306, Data Structures and Algorithms

AIM

To master the design and applications of linear, tree, and graph structures. To understand various algorithm design and analysis techniques.


Unit I - LINEAR STRUCTURES
Abstract Data Types (ADT) - List ADT - array based implementation - linked list implementation - cursor based linked lists - doubly linked lists - applications of lists - Stack ADT - Queue ADT - circular queue implementation - Applications of stacks and queues

Unit II - TREE STRUCTURES
Need for non-linear structures - Tree ADT - tree traversals - left child right sibling data structures for general trees - Binary Tree ADT - expression trees - applications of trees - binary search tree ADT

Unit III - BALANCED SEARCH TREES AND INDEXING
AVL trees - Binary Heaps - B Tree - Hashing - Separate chaining - open addressing - Linear probing

Unit IV - GRAPHS
Definitions - Topological sort - breadth first traversal - shortest path algorithms - minimum spanning tree - Prims and Kruskals algorithms - Depth first traversal - biconnectivity - euler circuits - applications of graphs

Unit V - ALGORITHM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
Greedy algorithms - Divide and conquer - Dynamic programming - backtracking - branch and bound - Randomized algorithms - algorithm analysis - asymptotic notations - recurrences - NP complete problems

TEXT BOOKS

1. Weiss.M.A, -Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C-, Pearson Education Asia,2002.
2. ISRD Group, -Data Structures using C-, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Aho.A,.V, Hopcroft.J.E, and Ullman.J.D, -Data Structures and Algorithms-, Pearson Education, 1983.
2. Gilberg.R.F, Forouzan.B.A, -Data Structures: A Pseudocode approach with C-, Second Edition, Thomson India Edition, 2005.
3. Sara Baase and Van Gelder.A, -Computer Algorithms-, Third Edition, Pearson Education,2000.
4. Cormen.T.H, Leiserson.C.E, Rivest.R.L, and Stein.C, "Introduction to algorithms", Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India Ltd, 2001.

10133EE307, Electron Devices and Circuits Laboratory

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1. Characteristics of Semiconductor diode and Zener diode.
2. Characteristics of Transistor under common emitter, common collector and common base configurations. - 3. Characteristic of FET.

Unit II - 4. Characteristic of UJT.
5. Characteristics of SCR, DIAC and TRIAC. - 6. Photo diode, phototransistor Characteristics and study of light activated relay circuit.

Unit III - 7. Static characteristics of Thermistors.
8. Single phase half wave and full wave rectifiers with inductive and capacitive filters.

Unit IV - 9. Differential ampliers using FET.
10. Study of CRO.

Unit V - 11. Series and Parallel reasonance circuits.
12. Realization of Passive filters.

Books information not available

10133EE308, Data Structures and Algorithms Laboratory

AIM

To develop skills in design and implementation of data structures and their applications.


Unit I - 1. Implement singly and doubly linked lists.
2. Represent a polynomial as a linked list and write functions for polynomial addition. - 3. Implement stack and use it to convert infix to postfix expression - 4. Implement array-based circular queue and use it to simulate a producer consumer problem.

Unit II - 5. Implement an expression tree. Produce its pre-order, in-order, and post-order traversals.
6. Implement binary search tree. - 7. Implement insertion in AVL trees. - 8. Implement priority queue using heaps

Unit III - 9. Implement hashing techniques
10. Perform topological sort on a directed graph to decide if it is acyclic. - 11. Implement Dijkstras algorithm using priority queues

Unit IV - 12. Implement Prims and Kruskals algorithms
13. Implement a backtracking algorithm for Knapsack problem

Unit V - 14. Implement a branch and bound algorithm for traveling salesperson problem
15. Implement any randomized algorithm.

Books information not available

10133EE309, Measurements & Instrumentation Laboratory

AIM

The aim of this lab is to fortify the students with an adequate work experience in the measurement of different quantities and also the expertise in handling the instruments involved.

OBJECTIVE

To train the students in the measurement of displacement, resistance, inductance, torque and angle etc., and to give exposure to AC, DC bridges and transient measurement.


Unit I - 1. Study of displacement and pressure transducers
2. AC bridges.

Unit II - 3. DC bridges.
4. Characteristics of Temperature Transducer.

Unit III - 5. Hall effect Transducer.
6. Study of transients.

Unit IV - 7. Calibration of single-phase energy meter.
8. Calibration of current transformer.

Unit V - 9. Measurement of three phase power and power factor.
10. Measurement of iron loss.

Books information not available

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Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2011 ECE, AUC 2011
Semester: 6

MG2351, Principles of Management

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT
Organization - Management, Role of managers - Evolution of Management thought - Organization and the environmental factors - Managing globally Strategies for International Business

Unit II - PLANNING
Nature and purpose of planning - Planning process - Types of plans ,objectives - Managing by objective (MBO) - Strategies,Types of strategies ,Policies - Decision Making - Types of decision - Decision Making Process - Rational Decision Making Process - Decision Making under different conditions.

Unit III - ORGANIZING
Nature and purpose of organizing - Organization structure - Formal and informal groups organizationI - Line and Staff authority - Departmentation ,Span of control - Centralization and Decentralization ,Delegation of authority - Staffing,Selection and Recruitment - Orientation - Career Development - Career stages Training - Performance Appraisal.

Unit IV - DIRECTING
Creativity and Innovation - Motivation and Satisfaction - Motivation Theories Leadership - Leadership theories - Communication - Hurdles to effective communication - Organization Culture - Elements and types of culture - Managing cultural diversity.

Unit V - CONTROLLING
Process of controlling - Types of control - Budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques - Managing Productivity - Cost Control - Purchase Control - Maintenance Control - Quality Control - Planning operations.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, Management, Prentice Hall of India,
8th edition.
2. Charles W L Hill, Steven L McShane, Principles of Management, Mcgraw Hill
Education, Special Indian Edition, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Hellriegel, Slocum & Jackson, Management - A Competency Based
Approach, Thomson South Western, 10th edition, 2007.
2. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich and Mark V Cannice, Management , A global
& Entrepreneurial Perspective, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 12th edition, 2007.
3. Andrew J. Dubrin, Essentials of Management, Thomson Southwestern, 7th
edition, 2007.

EC2351, Measurements and Instrumentation

AIM
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement
as a vital ingredient of electronics and communication engineering.
OBJECTIVES
To learn
Basic measurement concepts
Concepts of electronic measurements
Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements
Relevance of digital instruments in measurements
The need for data acquisition systems
Measurement techniques in optical domains.


Unit I - BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS
Measurement systems , Static and dynamic characteristics , units and standards of - measurements , error , accuracy and precision, types, statistical analysis , moving coil, - moving iron meters , multimeters , Bridge measurements , Maxwell, Hay, Schering, - Anderson and Wien bridge.

Unit II - BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
Electronic multimeters , Cathode ray oscilloscopes , block schematic ,applications - special oscilloscopes , delayed time base oscilloscopes, analog and digital storage - oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope ,Q meters , Vector meters , RF voltage and - power measurements , True RMS meters.

Unit III - SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS
Function generators . pulse and square wave generators, RF signal generators - Sweep generators ,Frequency synthesizer , wave analyzer ,Harmonic distortion - analyzer , spectrum analyzer , digital spectrum analyzer, Vector Network Analyzer - Digital L,C,R measurements, Digital RLC meters.

Unit IV - DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS
Comparison of analog and digital techniques , digital voltmeter , multimeters - frequency counters , measurement of frequency and time interval ,extension of - frequency range , Automation in digital instruments, Automatic polarity indication, - automatic ranging, automatic zeroing, fully automatic digital instruments, Computer - controlled test systems, Virtual instruments.

Unit V - DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENT9
Elements of a digital data acquisition system , interfacing of transducers , multiplexing - data loggers ,computer controlled instrumentation , IEEE 488 bus , fiber optic - measurements for power and system loss , optical time domains reflectometer.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper Modern Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques, Pearson / Prentice Hall of India, 2007.
2. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design, TMH, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement, Pearson
Education, 2003.
2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
3. David A. Bell, Electronic Instrumentation and measurements, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt Ltd, 2003.
4. B.C. Nakra and K.K. Choudhry, Instrumentation, Meaurement and Analysis, 2nd
Edition, TMH, 2004.
5. James W. Dally, William F. Riley, Kenneth G. McConnell, Instrumentation for
Engineering Measurements, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 2003.

EC2352, Computer Networks

AIM
To introduce the concept, terminologies, and technologies used in modern data
communication and computer networking.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the students the functions of different layers.
To introduce IEEE standard employed in computer networking.
To make students to get familiarized with different protocols and network
components.


Unit I - PHYSICAL LAYER
Data Communications - Networks, Networks models - OSI model , Layers in OSI model - TCP / IP protocol suite - Addressing , - Guided and Unguided Transmission media - Switching: Circuit switched networks - Data gram Networks - Virtual circuit networks - Cable networks for Data transmission: Dialup modems - DSL,Cable TV ,Cable TV for Data transfer.

Unit II - DATA LINK LAYER
Data link control: Framing ,Flow and error control - Protocols for Noiseless and Noisy Channels ,HDLC - Multiple access: Random access - Controlled access - Wired LANS : Ethernet - IEEE standards ,standard Ethernet - changes in the standard - Fast Ethernet ,Gigabit Ethernet. - Wireless LANS : IEEE 802.11?Bluetooth. - Connecting LANS: Connecting devices - Backbone networks ,Virtual LANS - Virtual circuit networks: - Architecture and Layers of Frame Relay and ATM.

Unit III - NETWORK LAYER
Logical addressing: IPv4, IPv6 addresses - Internet Protocol: Internetworking - IPv4, IPv6 - Address mapping ARP, RARP, - BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP, IGMP, - Delivery ,Forwarding , Routing - Unicast, Multicast routing protocols.

Unit IV - TRANSPORT LAYER
Process-to-Process delivery ,User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - Congestion Control , Quality of services (QoS) - Techniques to improve QoS.

Unit V - APPLICATION LAYER
Domain Name System (DNS) ,E-mail, FTP , WWW - HTTP ,Multimedia Network - Security: Cryptography ,Symmetric key and Public Key algorithms ,Digital signature - Management of Public keys , Communication Security Authentication Protocols.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, Data communication and Networking-, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006: Unit I-IV

2. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, -Computer Networks, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition, 2003: Unit V

REFERENCES

1. Wayne Tomasi, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, 1/e, Pearson Education.

2. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, -Computer Networking: A Topdown Approach Featuring,3/e, Pearson Education
.
3. C.Sivaram Murthy, B.S.Manoj, Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architecture and Protocols, Second Edition, Pearson Education.

4. Greg Tomshon, Ed Tittel, David Johnson. -Guide to Networking Essentials, fifth edition, Thomson India Learning, 2007.

5. William Stallings, -Data and Computer Communication, Eighth Edition, Pearson Education, 2000.
 

EC2353, Antenna and Wave Propagation

AIM
To enable the student to study the various types of antennas and wave propagation.
OBJECTIVES
To study radiation from a current element.
To study antenna arrays
To study aperture antennas
To learn special antennas such as frequency independent and broad band
antennas.
To study radio wave propagation.


Unit I - ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS
Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential, Solution of wave equation - retarded case, Hertizian dipole. - Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle - Directivity, Gain, Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Reciprocity, Equivalence of Radiation patterns - Equivalence of Impedances, Effective aperture, Vector effective length, Antenna temperature.

Unit II - WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS
Wire antennas: Short dipole, Radiation resistance and Directivity - Half wave Dipole,Monopole, Small loop antennas - Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern Multiplication - Array with non-uniform Excitation-Binomial Array

Unit III - APERTURE ANTENNAS
Aperture Antennas: Magnetic Current and its fields, Uniqueness theorem - Field equivalence principle, Duality principle - Method of Images, Pattern properties, Slot antenna, Horn Antenna - Pyramidal Horn Antenna, Reflector Antenna-Flat reflector - Corner Reflector, Common curved reflector shapes, Lens Antenna.

Unit IV - SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
Special Antennas: Long wire, V and Rhombic Antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna - Turnstile Antenna, Helical Antenna- Axial mode helix - Normal mode helix, Biconical Antenna, Log periodic Dipole Array - Spiral Antenna, Microstrip Patch Antennas. - Antenna Measurements: Radiation Pattern measurement, Gain and Directivity - Measurements, Anechoic Chamber measurement.

Unit V - RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Calculation of Great Circle Distance between any two points on earth - Ground Wave Propagation, Free-space Propagation - Ground Reflection, Surface waves, Diffraction - Wave propagation in complex Environments - Tropospheric Propagation, Tropospheric - Scatter. Ionospheric propagation: Structure of ionosphere - Sky waves, skip distance,Virtual height, Critical frequency - MUF, Electrical properties of ionosphere - Effects of earth?s magnetic fields, Faraday rotation, Whistlers.

TEXTBOOKS
1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems, Pearson
Education / PHI, 2006
2. A.R.Harish, M.Sachidanada, Antennas and Wave propagation, Oxford University
Press, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. John D.Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan, Antennas for all
Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company, 3 ed, 2007.
2. G.S.N.Raju, Antenna Wave Propagation, Pearson Education, 2004.
3. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Desin, John Wiley, 2nd Edition,
2007.
4. R.E.Collins, Antenna and Radiowave propagation,
5. W.L Stutzman and G.A. Thiele, Antenna analysis and design, John Wiley, 2000.

EC2354, VLSI Design

AIM
To introduce the technology, design concepts and testing of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.

OBJECTIVES
To learn the basic CMOS circuits.
To learn the CMOS process technology.
To learn techniques of chip design using programmable devices.
To learn the concepts of designing VLSI subsystems.
To learn the concepts of modeling a digital system using Hardware Description Language.

Unit I - CMOS TECHNOLOGY
A brief History-MOS transistor, Ideal I-V characteristics, - C-V characteristics, Non ideal I-V effects, - DC transfer characteristics - CMOS technologies, - Layout design Rules, CMOS process enhancements, - Technology related CAD issues, Manufacturing issues

Unit II - CIRCUIT CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION
Delay estimation, Logical effort and Transistor sizing, - Power dissipation, Interconnect,Design margin, Reliability, - Scaling- SPICE tutorial, Device models, Device characterization, - Circuit characterization, Interconnect simulation

Unit III - COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN
Circuit families,Low power logic design-comparison of circuit families, - Sequencing static circuits, circuit design of latches and flip flops, - Static sequencing element methodology- sequencing dynamic circuits,synchronizers

Unit IV - CMOS TESTING
Need for testing- Testers, Text fixtures and test programs, - Logic verification- Silicon debug principles- Manufacturing test, - Design for testability,Boundary scan

Unit V - SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL
Basic concepts- identifiers- gate primitives, gate delays, operators, timing controls, - procedural assignments conditional statements, Data flow and RTL, - structural gate level switch level modeling, Design hierarchies, Behavioral and RTL modeling, - Test benches, Structural gate level description of decoder, equality detector, - comparator, priority encoder, half adder, full adder, Ripple carry adder, D latch and D flip flop.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Weste and Harris: CMOS VLSI DESIGN (Third edition) Pearson Education, 2005
2. Uyemura J.P: Introduction to VLSI circuits and systems, Wiley 2002.

REFERENCES
1. D.A Pucknell & K.Eshraghian Basic VLSI Design, Third edition, PHI, 2003
2. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI design, Pearson Education, 2003
3. M.J.S.Smith: Application specific integrated circuits, Pearson Education, 1997
4. J.Bhasker: Verilog HDL primer, BS publication,2001
5. Ciletti Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, Prentice Hall of India, 2003

ELECTIVE-I,

EC2021, Medical Electronics

AIM
To make students to understand the applications of electronics in diagnostic and therapeutic area.

OBJECTIVES
To study the methods of recording various biopotentials
To study how to measure biochemical and various physiological information
To understand the working of units which will help to restore normal function


Unit I - ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-POTENTIAL RECORDING
The origin of Bio-potentials; biopotential electrodes, - biological amplifiers, ECG, EEG,EMG, PCG, EOG, - lead systems and recording methods, - typical waveforms and signal characteristics.

Unit II - BIO-CHEMICAL AND NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENT
PH, PO2, PCO2, PHCO3, Electrophoresis, colorimeter, - photometer, Auto analyzer,Blood flow meter, cardiac output, - respiratory measurement, Blood pressure,temperature, pulse, - Blood cell counters.

Unit III - ASSIST DEVICES AND BIO-TELEMETRY
Cardiac pacemakers, DC Defibrillator, Telemetry principles, - frequency selection, Bio-telemetry, radio-pill and tele-stimulation.

Unit IV - RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENTS
Ionosing radiation, Diagnostic x-ray equipments, use of Radio Isotope in diagnosis, - Radiation Therapy.

Unit V - RECENT TRENDS IN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Thermograph, endoscopy unit, Laser in medicine, Diathermy units, - Electrical safety in medical equipment.

TEXT BOOK
1. Leislie Cromwell, Biomedical instrumentation and measurement, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2007.

REFERENCES
1. Khandpur, R.S., Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, TATA McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Joseph J.Carr and John M.Brown, Introduction to Biomedical equipment Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2004.

EC2022, OPERATING SYSTEMS

AIM
To have a through knowledge of the scheduling, memory management, I/O and File
System in a Operating system. To have an introduction to distributed operating system.
OBJECTIVES
1. To have an overview of components of an operating systems
2. To have a thorough knowledge of Process management, Storage management, I/O and File Management.
3. To have an understanding of a distributed operating systems.


Unit I - OPERATING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Introduction - Multiprogramming - Time sharing - Multi-user Operating systems - System Call - Structure of Operating Systems

Unit II - PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Concept of Processes - Interprocess Communication - Racing - Synchronisation - Mutual Exclusion - Scheduling - Implementation Issues - IPC in Multiprocessor System - Threads

Unit III - MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Partition , paging , segmentation - virtual memory concepts - relocation algorithms - buddy systems - Free space management , Case study.

Unit IV - DEVICE MANAGEMENT AND FILE SYSTEMS
File concept , access methods , directory structure - File system mounting , file sharing , protection - File system implementation ,I/O Hardware , Application I/O - Interface Kernal I/O subsystem - Transforming I/O to Hardware Operations - Streams , Disk Structure - Disk Scheduling Management - RAID structure

Unit V - MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS
Concepts of distributed operating systems - Real time operating system - Case studies - UNIX - LINUX and Windows 2000.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Galvin and Gagne, Operating System Concepts, Seventh Edition, John Wiley, 2007.
2. William Stallings, Operating Systems Internals and Design Principles, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2005.
REFERENCES
1. Andrew Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.
2. Deital.H.M, -Operating Systems - A Modern Perspective-, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, 2004.
3. Mukesh Singhal, Niranjan G.Shivaratri, Advanced Concepts in Operating Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.
4. D.M.Dhamdhere, Operating Systems A Concept based Approach, Second Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
5. Crowley.C, Operating Systems: A Design Oriented Approach, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999.
6. Ellen Siever, Aaron Weber, Stephen Figgins, LINUX in a Nutshell, Fourth Edition, O reilly, 2004.

EC2023, SOLID STATE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

AIM
To have fundamental knowledge about structure and V-I characteristics of PN Junction diode, Zener diode, MOSFET, BJT, Opto electronic devices, high frequency devices and high power devices.
OBJECTIVES
1.To learn crystal structures of elements used for fabrication of semiconductor devices.
2.To study energy band structure of semiconductor devices.
3.To understand fermi levels, movement of charge carriers, Diffusion current and Drift current.
4.To study behavior of semiconductor junction under different biasing conditions. Fabrication of different semiconductor devices, Varactor diode, Zener diode, Schottky diode, BJT, MOSFET, etc.
5. study VI Characteristics of devices and ir limitations in factors like current, power frequency.
6. To learn photoelectric effect and fabrication of opto electronic devices.
7. To learn high frequency and high power devices.

Unit I - CRYSTAL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Semiconductor materials , Periodic Structures , Crystal Lattices - Cubic lattices , Planes and Directions , Diamond lattice - Bulk Crystal Growth , Starting Materials , Growth of Single Crystal lngots , - Wafers , Doping , Epitaxial Growth , Lattice Matching in Epitaxial Growth - Vapor , Phase Epitaxy , Atoms and Electrons - Introduction to Physical Models , Experimental Observations - Photoelectric Effect , Atomic spectra , Bohr model , - Quantum Mechanics , Probability and Uncertainty Principle , Schrodinger Wave - Equation , Potential Well Equation , Potential well Problem , Tunneling.

Unit II - ENERGY BANDS AND CHARGE CARRIERS IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND JUNCTIONS
Energy bands in Solids, Energy Bands in Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators - Direct and Indirect Semiconductors , Variation of Energy Bands with Alloy Composition - Charge Carriers in Semiconductors , Electrons and Holes - Electrons and Holes in Quantum Wells - Carrier Concentrations , Fermi Level , Electron and Hole Concentrations at Equilibrium - Temperature Dependence of Carrier Concentrations - Compensation and Space Charge Neutrality , Drift of Carrier in Electric and Magnetic - Fields conductivity and Mobility , Drift and Resistance - Effects of Temperature and Doping on Mobility , High field effects , Hall Effect - Invariance of Fermi level at equilibrium , - Fabrication of pn junctions, Metal semiconductor junctions.

Unit III - METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FET
GaAS MESFET , High Electron Mobility Transistor - Short channel Effects , Metal Insulator Semiconductor FET - Basic Operation and Fabrication , Effects of Real Surfaces - Threshold Voltage , MOS capacitance Measurements , current , Voltage - Characteristics of MOS Gate Oxides , MOS Field Effect Transistor , Output characteristics - Transfer characteristics , Short channel MOSFET V,I characteristics - Control of Threshold Voltage , Substrate Bias Effects , Sub threshold characteristics - Equivalent Circuit for MOSFET , MOSFET Scaling and Hot Electron Effects , Drain - Induced Barrier Lowering , short channel and Narrow Width Effect - Gate Induced Drain Leakage.

Unit IV - OPTOELCTRONIC DEVICES
Photodiodes , Current and Voltage in illuminated Junction - Solar Cells , Photo detectors , Noise and Bandwidth of Photo detectors - Light Emitting Diodes , Light Emitting Materials - Fiber Optic Communications Multilayer Heterojunctions for LEDs - Lasers ,Semiconductor lasers , Population Inversion at a Junction Emission Spectra for pn junction - Basic Semiconductor lasers , Materials for Semiconductor lasers.

Unit V - HIGH FREQUENCY AND HIGH POWER DEVICES
Tunnel Diodes, IMPATT Diode, operation of TRAPATT and BARITT Diodes - Gunn Diode , transferred , electron mechanism, formation and drift of space charge domains pn - pn Diode, Semiconductor Controlled Rectifier, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor.

TEXT BOOK
1. Ben. G. Streetman & Sanjan Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th Edition, PHI, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Donald A. Neaman, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002.
2. Yannis Tsividis, Operation & Mode line of MOS Transistor, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1999.
3. Nandita Das Gupta & Aamitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices Modeling a Technology, PHI, 2004.
3. D.K. Bhattacharya & Rajinish Sharma, Solid State Electronic Devices, Oxford University Press, 2007.

IT2064, SPEECH PROCESSING

AIM
To introduce the characteristics of Speech signals and the related time and frequency domain methods for speech analysis and speech compression
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the models for speech production
To develop time and frequency domain techniques for estimating speech parameters
To introduce a predictive technique for speech compression
To understand speech recognition, synthesis and speaker identification.

Unit I - MECHANICS OF SPEECH
Speech production: Mechanism of speech production, Acoustic phonetics - Digital models for speech signals - Representations of speech waveform: Sampling speech signals, basics of quantization - Delta modulation, and Differential PCM - Auditory perception: psycho acoustics.

Unit II - TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING
Time domain parameters of Speech signal - Methods for extracting the parameters Energy, Average Magnitude - Zero crossing Rate , Silence Discrimination using ZCR and energy - Short Time Auto Correlation Function , Pitch period estimation using Auto Correlation Function.

Unit III - FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING
Short Time Fourier analysis: Fourier transform and linear filtering interpretations. - Sampling rates , Spectrographic displays - Pitch and formant extraction - Analysis by Synthesis - Analysis synthesis systems: Phase vocoder, Channel Vocoder - Homomorphic speech analysis: Cepstral analysis of Speech, Formant and Pitch Estimation, Homomorphic Vocoders.

Unit IV - LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH
Basic Principles of linear predictive analysis , Auto correlation method - Covariance method , Solution of LPC equations - Cholesky method , Durbins Recursive algorithm - Application of LPC parameters - Pitch detection using LPC parameters Formant - analysis , VELP , CELP.

Unit V - APPLICATION OF SPEECH & AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING
Algorithms: Dynamic time warping, K,means clusering and Vector quantization - Gaussian mixture modeling, hidden Markov modeling - Automatic Speech Recognition: Feature Extraction for ASR, - Deterministic sequence recognition, Statistical Sequence recognition - Language models , Speaker identification and verification - Voice response system - Speech synthesis: basics of articulatory, source,filter, and concatenative synthesis - VOIP

TEXT BOOK
1. Thomas F, Quatieri, Discrete-Time Speech Signal Processing, Prentice Hall /Pearson Education, 2004.
REFERENCES
1. Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, John Wiley and
Sons Inc., Singapore, 2004
2. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaffer Digital Processing of Speech signals Prentice Hall 1979
3. L.R. Rabiner and B. H. Juang, Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall, 1993.
4. J.R. Deller, J.H.L. Hansen and J.G. Proakis, Discrete Time Processing of Speech Signals, John Wiley, IEEE Press,1999.

MA2264, Numerical Methods

AIM
With the present development of the computer technology, it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems in science, engineering and technology. This course gives a complete procedure for solving different kinds of problems occur in engineering numerically.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would be acquainted with the basic concepts in
numerical methods and their uses are summarized as follows:
I. The roots of nonlinear (algebraic or transcendental) equations, solutions of large system of linear equations and eigen value problem of a matrix can be obtained numerically where analytical methods fail to give solution.
II. When huge amounts of experimental data are involved, the methods discussed on interpolation will be useful in constructing approximate polynomial to represent the data and to find the intermediate values.
III. The numerical differentiation and integration find application when the function in the analytical form is too complicated or the huge amounts of data are given such as series of measurements, observations or some other empirical information.
IV. Since many physical laws are couched in terms of rate of change of one/two or more independent variables, most of the engineering problems are characterized in
the form of either nonlinear ordinary differential equations or partial differential
equations. The methods introduced in the solution of ordinary differential equations
and partial differential equations will be useful in attempting any engineering
problem.

Unit I - SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS
Solution of equation,Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method, Newton?s method - Solution of linear system by Gaussian elimination and Gauss - Jordon method - Iterative method - Gauss Seidel method - Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordon method - Eigen value of a matrix by power method and by Jacobi method for symmetric matrix.

Unit II - INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION
Lagrangian Polynomials - Divided differences - Interpolating with a cubic spline - Newton?s forward and backward difference formulas.

Unit III - NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
Differentiation using interpolation formulae - Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson s 1/3 and 3/8 rules , Rombergs method , - Two and Three point Gaussian quadrature formulae - Double integrals using trapezoidal and Simpsons?s rules.

Unit IV - INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Single step methods: - Taylor series method - Euler method for first order equation - Fourth order Runge - Kutta method for solving first and second order equations - Multistep methods: Milne?s and Adam?s predictor and corrector methods.

Unit V - BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation - Finite difference solution of one dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods - One dimensional wave equation and two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Veerarjan, T and Ramachandran, T. Numerical methods with programming in C Second Editiion, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing.Co.Ltd. (2007).
2. Sankara Rao K, Numerical Methods for Scientisits and Engineers 3rd editiion Printice Hall of India Private Ltd, New Delhi, (2007).
REFERENCES
1. Chapra, S. C and Canale, R. P. Numerical Methods for Engineers, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Gerald, C. F. and Wheatley, P.O., Applied Numerical Analysis, 6th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2006.
3. Grewal, B.S. and Grewal,J.S., Numerical methods in Engineering and Science, 6th Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2004

CS2021, MULTICORE PROGRAMMING

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPROCESSORS AND SCALABILITY ISSUES
Scalable design principles - Principles of processor design - Instruction Level Parallelism, Thread level parallelism - Parallel computer models , Symmetric and distributed shared memory architectures - Performance Issues , Multi-core Architectures - Software and hardware multithreading - SMT and CMP architectures , Design issues , Case studies , Intel Multi-core architecture - SUN CMP architecture.

Unit II - PARALLEL PROGRAMMING
Fundamental concepts - Designing for threads , scheduling - Threading and parallel programming constructs - Synchronization - Critical sections - Deadlock. Threading APIs.

Unit III - OPENMP PROGRAMMING
OpenMP - Threading a loop , Thread overheads - Performance issues , Library functions. - Solutions to parallel programming problems , Data races, deadlocks and livelocks - Non-blocking algorithms , Memory and cache related issues.

Unit IV - MPI PROGRAMMING
MPI Model - Collective communication - Data decomposition , communicators and topologies - point-to-point communication - MPI Library.

Unit V - MULTITHREADED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Algorithms, program development and performance tuning.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Shameem Akhter and Jason Roberts,Multi-core Programming, Intel Press, 2006.
2. Michael J Quinn, Parallel programming in C with MPI and OpenMP, Tata Mcgraw
Hill, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. John L. Hennessey and David A. Patterson, Computer architecture A quantitative approach, Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Publishers, 4th. edition, 2007.
2. David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal Singh, Parallel computing architecture : A hardware/software approach, Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Publishers, 1999.

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2011 ECE V SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2011 ECE,AUC 2011
Semester: 5

GE2021, Enviromental Science and Engineering

AIM:
The aim of this course is to create awareness in every engineering graduate about the importance of
environment, the effect of technology on the environment and ecological balance and make him/her
sensitive to the environment problems in every professional endeavour that he/she participates.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this course the student is expected to understand what constitutes the environment,
what are precious resources in the environment, how to conserve these resources, what is the role
of a human being in maintaining a clean environment and useful environment for the future
generations and how to maintain ecological balance and preserve bio-diversity.


Unit I - INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Definition, Scope and Importance Need For Public Awareness - Forest Resources:- Use and Over - Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies - Timber Extraction, Mining, Dams and their Ground Water, Floods, Drought, Conflicts Over Water - Dams - Benefits and Problems Mineral Resources:-Use Effects on Forests and Tribal People - Water Resources:- Use and Over-Utilization of Surface and Exploitation - Environmental Effects of Extracting and Using Mineral Resources, Case Studies - Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes caused by Agriculture and Overgrazing - Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer- Pesticide Problems, Water Logging, salinity - Case Studies Energy Resources:- Growing Energy Needs - Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Sources - Case Studies Land Resources:- Land as a Resource, Land Degradation, Man Induced Landslides - Soil Erosion and Desertification Role of an Individual in Conservation of Natural Resources - Equitable use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles. - Field Study of Local Area to Document Environmental assets - River/Forest/Grassland/Hill/ Mountain.

Unit II - ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY
Concepts of an Ecosystem ? Structure and Function of an Ecosystem - Producers, Consumers and Decomposers Energy Flow in the Ecosystem Ecological Succession - Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features - Structure and Function of the (A) Forest Ecosystem (B) Grassland Ecosystem - (C) Desert Ecosystem (D) Aquatic Ecosystems - (Ponds, Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries) Introduction to Biodiversity - Definition: Genetic, Species and Ecosystem Diversity Bio geographical Classification of India - Value of Biodiversity: Consumptive Use, Productive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic and Option Values - Biodiversity at Global, National and Local Levels India as a Mega-Diversity Nation Hot-Spots of - Biodiversity Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man-Wildlife Conflicts - endangered and Endemic Species of India Conservation of Biodiversity: - In-Situ and Ex-Situ conservation of Biodiversity. - Field Study of Common Plants, Insects and Birds - Field Study of Simple Ecosystems - Pond, River,Hill Slopes, etc.

Unit III - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Definition Causes, Effects and Control Measures of:- (A) Air Pollution (B) Water Pollution (C) Soil - Pollution (D) Marine Pollution (E) Noise Pollution (F) Thermal Pollution (G) Nuclear Hazards Soil - Waste Management:- Causes, Effects and Control Measures of Urban and Industrial Wastes Role - of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution Pollution Case Studies disaster Management:- Floods, - Earthquake, Cyclone and Landslides.

Unit IV - SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
From Unsustainable To Sustainable Development Urban Problems Related To energy Water - conservation, Rain Water Harvesting, Watershed Management Resettlement and Rehabilitation of - People, Its Problems and Concerns, Case Studies Environmental Ethics:- Issues and Possible - Solutions Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear Accidents - and Holocaust, Case Studies Wasteland Reclamation Consumerism and Waste Products - Environment Production Act Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act Water (Prevention and - Control of Pollution) Act Wildlife Protection Act Forest Conservation Act Issues Involved in - enforcement of Environmental Legislation Public Awareness.

Unit V - HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Population Growth, Variation Among Nations Population Explosion Family Welfare Programme - environment and Human Health Human Rights Value Education HIV /AIDS Women and - Child Welfare Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health Case Studies.

Books information not availableTEXT BOOKS
1. Masters, G.M., -Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science-, Pearson Education
Pvt., Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2004.
2. Miller, T.G. Jr., -Environmental Science-, Wadsworth Pub. Co.
3. Townsend C., Harper, J. and Begon, M., -Essentials of Ecology-, Blackwell Science,
2003.
4. Trivedi, R.K., and Goel, P.K., -Introduction to Air Pollution-, Techno- Science
Publications.
REFERENCES
1. Erach, B., -The Biodiversity of India-, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India.
2. Trivedi, R.K., -Handbook of Environmental Law-s, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and
Standards-, Vol - I and II, Envio Media.
3. Cunningham., Cooper, W.P. and Gorhani, T.H., -Environmental Encyclopedia-, Jaico
Publishing House, Mumbai, 2001.
4. Wages, K.D., -Environmental Management-, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, 1998.

EC2301, Digital Communication

AIM
To introduce the basic concepts of Digital Communication in baseband and passband
domains and to give an exposure to error control coding techniques.

OBJECTIVES
* To study signal space representation of signals and discuss the process of
sampling, quantization and coding that are fundamental to the digital
transmission of analog signals.
* To understand baseband and bandpass signal transmission and reception
techniques.
* To learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding
and decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy
channels.

Unit I - DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Introduction to Analog Pulse Communication Systems - Digital Communication Systems - Functional description - Channel classification - Performance Measure: Geometric representation of Signals, - Bandwidth,Mathematical Models of Communication Channel

Unit II - BASEBAND FORMATTING TECHNIQUES
Sampling ,Impulse sampling, Natural Sampling - Sampler Implementation Quantisation - Uniform and Non-uniform - Encoding Techniques for Analog Sources- - Temporal waveform encoding - Spectral waveform encoding, - Model-based encoding, - Comparison of speech encoding methods.

Unit III - BASEBAND CODING TECHNIQUES
Error Control Codes,Block Codes - Convolutional Codes, - Concept of Error Free Communication; - Classification of line codes, - desirable characteristics and power spectra of line codes.

Unit IV - BASEBAND RECEPTION TECHNIQUES
Noise in Communication Systems; Receiving Filter - Correlator type, Matched Filter - type; Equalising Filter - Signal and system design for ISI elimination, - Implementation, Eye Pattern analysis; - Synchronisation; Detector,Maximum Likelihood Detector, - Error Probability - Figure-of-Merit for Digital Detection.

Unit V - BANDPASS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
Memory less modulation methods - Representation and Spectral characteristics, - ASK,PSK, QAM, QPSK, FSK; - Bandpass receiving filter - Error performance - Coherent and Non-coherent detection systems.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Amitabha Bhattacharya, Digital Communications, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
2. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, John Wiley, 2006.

REFERENCES
1. John.G. Proakis, Fundamentals of Communication Systems, Pearson Education,
2006.
2. Michael. B. Purrsley, Introduction to Digital Communication, Pearson Education,
2006.
3. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communication, 2nd Edition, Paerson Education, 2006
4. Herbert Taub & Donald L Schilling Principles of Communication Systems ( 3rd
Edition ) Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
5. Leon W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education, 2001.

EC2302, Digital Signal Processing

AIM
To study the signal processing methods and processors.
OBJECTIVES
To study DFT and its computation
To study the design techniques for digital filters
To study the finite word length effects in signal processing
To study the non-parametric methods of power spectrum estimations
To study the fundamentals of digital signal processors.


Unit I - DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM
DFT and its properties - Relation between DTFT and DFT - FFT computations using Decimation in time - and Decimation in frequency algorithms - Overlap-add and save methods

Unit II - INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS
Review of design of analogue Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters - Frequency transformation in analogue domain , - Design of IIR digital filters using impulse invariance technique - Design of digital filters using bilinear transform - pre warping ,Realization using direct, cascade and parallel forms.

Unit III - FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE DIGITAL FILTERS
Symmetric and Antisymmetric FIR filters - Linear phase FIR filters , Design using Hamming, - Hanning and Blackmann Windows , Frequency sampling method - Realization of FIR filters , Transversal, Linear phase and Polyphase structures.

Unit IV - FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS
Fixed point and floating point number representations - Comparison ,Truncation and Rounding errors , Quantization noise - derivation for quantization noise power ,coefficient quantization error - Product quantization error , Overflow error , Roundoff noise power - limit cycle oscillations due to product roundoff and overflow errors - signal scaling

Unit V - MULTIRATE SIGNAL PROCESSING
Introduction to Multirate signal processing,Decimation,Interpolation - Polyphase implementation of FIR filters for interpolator and decimator - Multistage implementation of sampling rate conversion,Design of narrow band filters - Applications of Multirate signal processing.

TEXT BOOKS
1. John G Proakis and Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms
and Applications, Pearson, Fourth Edition, 2007.
2. S.Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, C. Gnanapriya, Digital Signal Processing,
TMH/McGraw Hill International, 2007
REFERENCES
1. E.C. Ifeachor and B.W. Jervis, Digital signal processing A
practicalapproach,Second edition, Pearson, 2002.
2. S.K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing, A Computer Based approach, Tata
Mc GrawHill, 1998.
3. P.P.Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems & Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, Englewood
cliffs, NJ, 1993.
4. Johny R. Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, PHI, 2006.

EC2303, Computer Architecture and Organization

AIM
To discuss the basic structure of a digital computer and to study in detail the
organization of the Control unit, the Arithmetic and Logical unit, the Memory unit and the
I/O unit.
OBJECTIVES
To have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital
computer.
To discuss in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms &
implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication &
division.
To study in detail the different types of control and the concept of pipelining.
To study the hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual
memory.
To study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O
interfaces


Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Computing and Computers, Evolution of Computers, - VLSI Era, System Design- Register Level, Processor Level, - CPU Organization, Data Representation, Fixed , - Point Numbers, Floating Point Numbers, Instruction Formats, - Instruction Types. Addressing modes.

Unit II - DATA PATH DESIGN
Fixed Point Arithmetic, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, - Combinational and Sequential ALUs, Carry look ahead adder, Robertson algorithm, - booth?s algorithm,non-restoring division algorithm, Floating Point Arithmetic, - Coprocessor, Pipeline Processing, Pipeline Design, Modified booth?s Algorithm

Unit III - CONTROL DESIGN
Hardwired Control, Microprogrammed Control, Multiplier Control Unit, - CPU Control Unit,Pipeline Control, Instruction Pipelines, Pipeline Performance, - Superscalar Processing,Nano Programming.

Unit IV - MEMORY ORGANIZATION
Random Access Memories, Serial , Access Memories, RAM Interfaces, - Magnetic Surface Recording, Optical Memories, multilevel memories, - Cache & Virtual Memory,Memory Allocation, Associative Memory.

Unit V - SYSTEM ORGANIZATION
Communication methods, Buses, Bus Control, Bus Interfacing, - Bus arbitration, IO and system control, IO interface circuits, - Handshaking, DMA and interrupts, vectored interrupts, PCI interrupts, - pipeline interrupts, IOP organization, operation systems, - multiprocessors, fault tolerance, RISC and CISC processors, - Superscalar and vector processor.

TEXTBOOKS
1. John P.Hayes, Computer architecture and Organisation, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third
edition, 1998.
2. V.Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Varanesic and Safat G. Zaky, -Computer
Organisation, V edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, 1996.
REFERENCES
1. Morris Mano, Computer System Architecture, Prentice-Hall of India, 2000.
2. Paraami, Computer Architecture-, BEH R002, Oxford Press.
3. P.Pal Chaudhuri, , Computer organization and design, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall of
India, 2007.
4. G.Kane & J.Heinrich, MIPS RISC Architecture-, Englewood cliffs, New Jersey,
Prentice Hall, 1992

EC2305, Transmission Lines and Wave guides

AIM
To lay a strong foundation on the theory of transmission lines and wave guides by
highlighting their applications.

OBJECTIVES
*To become familiar with propagation of signals through lines
*Understand signal propagation at Radio frequencies
*Understand radio propagation in guided systems
*To become familiar with resonators


Unit I - FILTERS
The neper the decibel Characteristic impedance of Symmetrical Networks - Current and voltage ratios Propogation constant, - Properties of Symmetrical Networks - Filter fundamentals - Pass and Stop bands. - Behaviour of the Characteristic impedance. - Constant K Filters - m-derived sections - Filter circuit design - Filter performance - Crystal Filters.

Unit II - TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS
A line of cascaded T sections - Transmission lines - General Solution - Physical Significance of the equations - the infinite line, wavelength, velocity, propagation, - Distortion line, the telephone cable - Reflection on a line not terminated in Zo, - Reflection Coefficient - Open and short circuited lines, Insertion loss

Unit III - THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCY
Parameters of open wire line and Coaxial cable at RF - Line constants for dissipation - voltages and currents on the dissipation less line - standing waves,nodes ,standing wave ratio - input impedance of open and short circuited lines - power and impedance measurement on lines, lamda / 4 line, - Impedance matching ,single and - double-stub matching circle diagram - smith chart and its applications , - Problem solving using Smith chart.

Unit IV - GUIDED WAVES BETWEEN PARALLEL PLANES
Application of the restrictions to Maxwells equations - transmission of TM waves between Parallel plans - Transmission of TE waves between Parallel planes. - Transmission of TEM waves between Parallel planes - Manner of wave travel Velocities of the waves. - characteristic impedance,Attenuators

Unit V - WAVEGUIDES
Application of Maxwells equations to the rectangular waveguide - TM waves in Rectangular guide. - TE waves in Rectangular waveguide - Cylindrical waveguides - The TEM wave in coaxial lines - Excitation of wave guides - Guide termination and resonant cavities.

TEXT BOOK
1. John D.Ryder, "Networks, lines and fields", Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES
1.E.C.Jordan, K.G. Balmain: -E.M.Waves & Radiating Systems, Pearson Education,
2006.
2.Joseph Edminister, Schaums Series, Electromegnetics, TMH, 2007.
3.G S N Raju, Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines, Pearson
Education, 2006.

EC2304, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

AIM To learn the architecture, programming, interfacing and rudiments of system design
of microprocessors and microcontrollers.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce microprocessors and basics of system design using microprocessors.
To introduce h/w architecture, instruction set and programming of 8085
microprocessor.
To introduce the h/w architecture, instruction set and programming of 8086
microprocessor.
To introduce the peripheral interfacing of microprocessors.
To introduce through case studies, the system design principles using 8085 and
8086.
To introduce the h/w architecture, instruction set, programming and interfacing of
8051 microcontroller.


Unit I - INTRODUCTION TO 8 BIT AND 16 BIT MICROPROCESSORS H/W ARCHITECTURE
Introduction to microprocessor, computer and its organization, - Programming system,Address bus, data bus and control bus, - Tristate bus, clock generation, Connecting Microprocessor to I/O devices - Data transfer schemes, Architectural advancements of microprocessors. - Introductory System design using microprocessors, 8086 - Hardware Architecture, External memory addressing, Bus cycles, - some important Companion Chips, Maximum mode bus cycle, - 8086 system configuration, Memory Interfacing, - Minimum mode system configuration, Maximum mode system configuration, - Interrupt processing, Direct memory access.

Unit II - 16 BIT MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTION SET AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
Programmer?s model of 8086, operand types, operand addressing, - assembler directives,instruction set - Data transfer group, - Arithmetic group, logical group, control transfer group - miscellaneous instruction groups, programming.

Unit III - MICROPROCESSOR PERIPHERAL INTERFACING
Introduction, Generation of I/O Ports, Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI - Intel 8255, Sample-and-Hold Circuit and Multiplexer, Keyboard and Display Interface, - Keyboard and Display Controller (8279), Programmable Interval timers (Intel 8253, - 8254), D-to-A converter, A-to-D converter, CRT Terminal Interface, Printer Interface.

Unit IV - 8 BIT MICROCONTROLLER- H/W ARCHITECTURE, INSTRUCTION SET AND PROGRAMMING
Introduction to 8051 Micro-controller, Architecture, Memory organization, - Special function registers, Port Operation, Memory Interfacing, - I/O Interfacing, Programming 8051 resources, interrupts, - Programmer?s model of 8051, Operand types, Operand addressing, - Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logic instructions, - Control transfer instructions, Programming

Unit V - SYSTEM DESIGN USING MICRO PROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLER
Case studies , Traffic light control, washing machine control, - RTC Interfacing using I2C Standard, Motor Control, Relay, PWM, DC & Stepper Motor.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Krishna Kant, MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS Architecture,
programming and system design using 8085, 8086, 8051 and 8096. PHI 2007.
2. Douglas V Hall, MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING, PROGRAMMING
AND HARDWARE TMH, 2006.

REFERENCES
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.MCKinlay The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Second Edition, Pearson Education 2008.
2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8086 Microprocessor: Programming & Interfacing The PC,
Delmar Publishers, 2007.
3. A K Ray, K M Bhurchandi, Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals, TMH, 2007.

EC2306, Digital Signal Processing Lab

AIM
To introduce the student to various digital Signal Processing techniques using TMS
320c5x family processors and MATLAB.
OBJECTIVES
To implement the processing techniques using the instructions of
TMS320C5X/TMS320C 67XX/ADSP 218X/219X/BS531/532/561
To implement the IIR and FIR filter using MATLAB.


Unit I - USING TMS320C5X/TMS320C 67XX/ADSP 218X/219X/BS531/532/561
Study of various addressing modes of DSP using simple programming examples - Implementation of Linear and Circular Convolution - Sampling of input signal and display - Waveform generation - Implementation of FIR filter -

Unit II - USING MATLAB
Generation of Signals - Linear and circular convolution of two sequences - Sampling and effect of aliasing - Design of FIR filters - Design of IIR filters - Calculation of FFT of a signal - Decimation by polyphase decomposition.

Books information not available

EC2307, Communication System Lab

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1.Amplitude modulation and Demodulation
2. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation - 3. Pulse Modulation PAM / PWM / PPM - 4. Pulse Code Modulation - 5. Delta Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation. - 6. Digital Modulation & Demodulation ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK (Hardware & MATLAB) - 7. Designing, Assembling and Testing of Pre-Emphasis / De-emphasis Circuits. - 8. PLL and Frequency Synthesizer - 9. Line Coding - 10. Error Control Coding using MATLAB. - 11. Sampling & Time Division Multiplexing. - 12. Frequency Division Multiplexing,

Books information not available

EC2308, Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lab

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8086).
Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8086). - Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086). - Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086). - Interfacing ADC and DAC. - Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of 8255. - Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253. - Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251. - Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control. - Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051 - microcontroller. - Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8051 - microcontroller. - Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.

Books information not available

  • Written by PunithaV ECE
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2011 ECE IV SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus for 2011-2015 batch - IV Sem (Anna University, Chennai)

MA2261 PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES

AIM
This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts in random processes. Knowledge of fundamentals and applications of random phenomena will greatly help in the understanding of topics such as signals & systems, pattern recognition, voice and image processing and filtering theory.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts, a well-founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life phenomena. Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and functions of random variables, Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in probabilistic manner. Be able to analyze the response of random inputs to linear time invariant systems.

UNIT I RANDOM VARIABLES
Discrete and continuous random variables – Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties. Binomial, Poisson ,Geometric, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and normal distributions – Function of Random Variable.

UNIT II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIBLES
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance - Correlation and Regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem (for iid random variables)

UNIT III CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES
Definition and examples - first order, second order, strictly stationary, wide-sense stationary and ergodic processes - Markov process - Binomial, Poisson and Normal processes - Sine wave process – Random telegraph process.

UNIT IV CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES
Auto correlation - Cross correlation - Properties – Power spectral density – Cross spectral density - Properties – Wiener-Khintchine relation – Relationship between cross power spectrum and cross correlation function

UNIT V LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS
Linear time invariant system - System transfer function – Linear systems with random inputs – Auto correlation and cross correlation functions of input and output – white noise.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Oliver C. Ibe, “Fundamentals of Applied probability and Random processes”, Elsevier, First Indian Reprint ( 2007) (For units 1 and 2)
2. Peebles Jr. P.Z., “Probability Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishers, Fourth Edition, New Delhi, 2002.(For units 3, 4 and 5).

REFERENCES
1. Miller,S.L and Childers, S.L, “Probability and Random Processes with applications to Signal Processing and Communications”, Elsevier Inc., First Indian Reprint 2007.
2. H. Stark and J.W. Woods, “Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing”, Pearson Education (Asia), 3rd Edition, 2002.
3. Hwei Hsu, “Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random Variables and Random Processes”, Tata McGraw-Hill edition, New Delhi, 2004.
4. Leon-Garcia,A, “Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering”, Pearson Education Asia, Second Edition, 2007
5. Yates and D.J. Goodman, “Probability and Stochastic Processes”, John Wiley and Sons, Second edition, 2005.

EC 2251 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II

AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feed back amplifiers, oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and blocking oscillators.
OBJECTIVES
On completion of this course the student will understand ,The advantages and method of analysis of feedback amplifiers ,Analysis and design of LC and RC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping ,circuits, multivibrators, blocking oscillators and time base generators,

UNIT I FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS
Block diagram, Loop gain, Gain with feedback, Effects of negative feedback – Sensitivity and desensitivity of gain, Cut-off frequencies, distortion, noise, input impedance and output impedance with feedback, Four types of negative feedback connections – voltage series feedback, voltage shunt feedback, current series feedback and current shunt feedback, Method of identifying feedback topology and feedback factor, Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.

UNIT II OSCILLATORS
Classification, Barkhausen Criterion - Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude, General form of an Oscillator, Analysis of LC oscillators - Hartley, Colpitts, Clapp, Franklin, Armstrong, Tuned collector oscillators, RC oscillators - phase shift – Wienbridge - Twin-T Oscillators, Frequency range of RC and LC Oscillators, Quartz Crystal Construction, Electrical equivalent circuit of Crystal, Miller and Pierce Crystal oscillators, frequency stability of oscillators.

UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS
Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits, small signal tuned amplifiers - Analysis of capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier – double tuned amplifier - effect of cascading single tuned and double tuned amplifiers on bandwidth – Stagger tuned amplifiers – large signal tuned amplifiers – Class C tuned amplifier – Efficiency and applications of Class C tuned amplifier - Stability of tuned amplifiers – Neutralization - Hazeltine neutralization method.

UNIT IV WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS
RC & RL Integrator and Differentiator circuits – Storage, Delay and Calculation of Transistor Switching Times – Speed-up Capaitor - Diode clippers, Diode comparator - Clampers. Collector coupled and Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator - Monostable multivibrator - Bistable multivibrators - Triggering methods for Bistable multivibrators - Schmitt trigger circuit.

UNIT V BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS
UJT sawtooth waveform generator, Pulse transformers – equivalent circuit – response - applications, Blocking Oscillator – Free running blocking oscillator - Astable Blocking Oscillators with base timing – Push-pull Astable blocking oscillator with emitter timing, Frequency control using core saturation, Triggered blocking oscillator – Monostable blocking oscillator with base timing – Monostable blocking oscillator with emitter timing, Time base circuits - Voltage-Time base circuit, Current-Time base circuit - Linearization through adjustment of driving waveform.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Sedra / Smith, Micro Electronic Circuits Oxford University Press, 2004.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCES
1. Millman J. and Taub H., Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms, TMH, 2000.
2. Schilling and Belove, Electronic Circuits, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002.
3 Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nasheresky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2002.
4. David A. Bell, Solid State Pulse Circuits, Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
5. Millman and Halkias. C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 1991.

EC 2252 COMMUNICATION THEORY

AIM
To study the various analog communication fundamentals viz., Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation. Noise performance of various receivers and information theory with source coding theorem are also dealt.

OBJECTIVES
To provide various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems, to provide various Angle modulation and demodulation systems,to provide some depth analysis in noise performance of various receiver,to study some basic information theory with some channel coding theorem.

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS
Review of Spectral Characteristics of Periodic and Non-periodic signals; Generation and Demodulation of AM, DSBSC, SSB and VSB Signals; Comparison of Amplitude Modulation Systems; Frequency Translation; FDM; Non – Linear Distortion.

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS
Phase and Frequency Modulation; Single tone, Narrow Band and Wideband FM; Transmission Bandwidth; Generation and Demodulation of FM Signal.

UNIT III NOISE THEORY
Review of Probability, Random Variables and Random Process; Guassian Process; Noise – Shot noise, Thermal noise and white noise; Narrow band noise, Noise temperature; Noise Figure.

UNIT IV PERFORMANCE OF CW MODULATION SYSTEMS
Superheterodyne Radio receiver and its characteristic; SNR; Noise in DSBSC systems using coherent detection; Noise in AM system using envelope detection and its FM system; FM threshold effect; Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM; Comparison of performances.

UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY
Discrete Messages and Information Content, Concept of Amount of Information, Average information, Entropy, Information rate, Source coding to increase average information per bit, Shannon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, Lempel-Ziv (LZ) coding, Shannon’s Theorem, Channel Capacity, Bandwidth- S/N trade-off, Mutual information and channel capacity, rate distortion theory, Lossy Source coding.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Dennis Roddy & John Coolen - Electronic Communication (IV Ed.), Prentice Hall of India.
2. Herbert Taub & Donald L Schilling – Principles of Communication Systems ( 3rd Edition ) – Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

REFERENCES
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, NY, 4th Edition, 2001.
2. Bruce Carlson - Communication Systems. (III Ed.), Mc Graw Hill.
3. B.P.Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Third Edition, Oxford Press,2007.
4. R.P Singh and S.D.Sapre, “Communication Systems – Analog and Digital”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2007.
5. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Fundamentals of Communication Systems, Pearson Education, 2006.
 

EC 2253 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

AIM
To familiarize the student to the concepts, calculations and pertaining to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields so that an in depth understanding of antennas, electronic devices, Waveguides is possible.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze fields a potentials due to static changes, to evaluate static magnetic fields ,to understand how materials affect electric and magnetic fields,to understand the relation between the fields under time varying situations to understand principles of propagation of uniform plane waves.

UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS
Introduction to Co-ordinate System – Rectangular – Cylindrical and Spherical Co- ordinate System – Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals – Definition of Curl, Divergence and Gradient – Meaning of Stokes theorem and Divergence theorem Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form – Definition of Electric Field Intensity – Principle of Superposition – Electric Field due to discrete charges – Electric field due to continuous charge distribution - Electric Field due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and finite line – Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly charged circular disc – Electric Field due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.Electric Scalar Potential – Relationship between potential and electric field - Potential due to infinite uniformly charged line – Potential due to electrical dipole - Electric Flux Density – Gauss Law – Proof of Gauss Law – Applications.

UNIT II STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD
The Biot-Savart Law in vector form – Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite wire carrying a current I – Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and rectangular loop carrying a current I – Ampere’s circuital law and simple applications. Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications – Force on a wire carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field – Torque on a loop carrying a current I – Magnetic moment – Magnetic Vector Potential.

UNIT III ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS
Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation – Electric Polarization-Nature of dielectric materials- Definition of Capacitance – Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace’s equation – Electrostatic energy and energy density – Boundary conditions for electric fields – Electric current – Current density – point form of ohm’s law – continuity equation for current.Definition of Inductance – Inductance of loops and solenoids – Definition of mutual inductance – simple examples. Energy density in magnetic fields – Nature of magnetic materials – magnetization and permeability - magnetic boundary conditions.

UNIT IV TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Faraday’s law – Maxwell’s Second Equation in integral form from Faraday’s Law – Equation expressed in point form. Displacement current – Ampere’s circuital law in integral form – Modified form of Ampere’s circuital law as Maxwell’s first equation in integral form – Equation expressed in point form. Maxwell’s four equations in integral form and differential form. Poynting Vector and the flow of power – Power flow in a co-axial cable – Instantaneous Average and Complex Poynting Vector.

UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Derivation of Wave Equation – Uniform Plane Waves – Maxwell’s equation in Phasor form – Wave equation in Phasor form – Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. Wave equation for a conducting medium – Plane waves in lossy dielectrics – Propagation in good conductors – Skin effect. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization – Reflection of Plane Wave from a conductor – normal incidence – Reflection of Plane Waves by a perfect dielectric – normal and oblique incidence. Dependence on Polarization. Brewster angle.
 
TEXT BOOKS
1. W H.Hayt & J A Buck : “Engineering Electromagnetics” TATA McGraw-Hill, 7th Edition 2007 (Unit I,II,III ).
2. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.”  Pearson Education/PHI 4nd edition 2006. (Unit IV, V).

REFERENCES
1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku: “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” Oxford University Press, 4th edition, 2007
2. Narayana Rao, N : “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” 6th edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2006.
3. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: “Fields and Waves in Communications Electronics” John Wiley & Sons ,3rd edition 2003.
4. David K.Cheng: “Field and Wave Electromagnetics - Second Edition-Pearson Edition, 2004.
5. G.S.N. Raju, Electromagnetic Field Theory & Transmission Lines, Pearson Education, 2006
 

EC 2254 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

AIM
To teach the basic concepts in the design of electronic circuits using linear integrated circuits and their applications in the processing of analog signals.

OBJECTIVES
 To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits, to teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers, to introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL, to teach the theory of ADC and DAC, to introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special function ICs.

UNIT I IC FABRICATION AND CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR IC
Advantages of Ics over discrete components – Manufacturing process of monolithic Ics – Construction of monolithic bipolar transistor – Monolithic diodes – Integrated Resistors – Monolithic Capacitors – Inductors. Current mirror and current sources, Current sources as active loads, Voltage sources, Voltage References, BJT Differential amplifier with active loads, General operational amplifier stages -and internal circuit diagrams of IC 741, DC and AC performance characteristics, slew rate, Open and closed loop configurations.

UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits, Voltage Follower, V-to-I and I-to-V converters, adder, subtractor, Instrumentation amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic amplifier, Antilogarithmic amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier, peak detector, clipper and clamper, Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth filters.

UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL
Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled Transistor Pair - Gilbert Multiplier cell - Variable transconductance technique, analog multiplier ICs and their applications, Operation of the basic PLL, Closed loop analysis, Voltage controlled oscillator, Monolithic PLL IC 565, application of PLL for AM detection, FM detection, FSK modulation and demodulation and Frequency synthesizing.

UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS
Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter – specifications - weighted resistor type, R-2R Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current-Mode R - 2 R Ladder types - switches for D/A converters, high speed sample-and-hold circuits, A/D Converters – specifications - Flash type - Successive Approximation type - Single Slope type - Dual Slope type - A/D Converter using Voltage-to-Time Conversion - Over-sampling A/D Converters.

UNIT V WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND SPECIAL FUNCTION ICs
Sine-wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator, Saw-tooth wave generator, ICL8038 function generator, Timer IC 555, IC Voltage regulators - Three terminal fixed and adjustable voltage regulators - IC 723 general purpose regulator - Monolithic switching regulator, Switched capacitor filter IC MF10, Frequency to Voltage and Voltage to Frequency converters, Audio Power amplifier, Video Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier, Opto-couplers and fibre optic IC.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Sergio Franco, Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., 2000.

REFERENCES
1. B.S.Sonde, System design using Integrated Circuits , New Age Pub, 2nd Edition, 2001
2. Gray and Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, Wiley International, 2005.
3. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, OP-AMP and Linear ICs, Prentice Hall / Pearson Education, 4th Edition, 2001.
4. J.Michael Jacob, Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
5. William D.Stanley, Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education, 2004.
6. K Lal Kishore, Operational Amplifier and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education, 2006.
7. S.Salivahanan & V.S. Kanchana Bhaskaran, Linear Integrated Circuits, TMH, 2008.

EC 2255 CONTROL SYSTEMS

AIM
To familiarize the students with concepts related to the operation analysis and stabilization of control systems

OBJECTIVES
To understand the open loop and closed loop (feedback ) systems ,To understand time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems required for stability analysis.To understand the compensation technique that can be used to stabilize control systems

UNIT I CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING
Basic Elements of Control System – Open loop and Closed loop systems - Differential equation - Transfer function, Modeling of Electric systems, Translational and rotational mechanical systems - Block diagram reduction Techniques - Signal flow graph

UNIT II TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Time response analysis - First Order Systems - Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order systems - Steady state errors – P, PI, PD and PID Compensation, Analysis using MATLAB
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Frequency Response - Bode Plot, Polar Plot, Nyquist Plot - Frequency Domain specifications from the plots - Constant M and N Circles - Nichol’s Chart - Use of Nichol’s Chart in Control System Analysis. Series, Parallel, series-parallel Compensators - Lead, Lag, and Lead Lag Compensators, Analysis using MATLAB.
  UNIT IV STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, Root Locus Technique, Construction of Root Locus, Stability, Dominant Poles, Application of Root Locus Diagram - Nyquist Stability Criterion - Relative Stability, Analysis using MATLAB

UNIT V STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS & DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
State space representation of Continuous Time systems – State equations – Transfer function from State Variable Representation – Solutions of the state equations - Concepts of Controllability and Observability – State space representation for Discrete time systems. Sampled Data control systems – Sampling Theorem – Sample & Hold – Open loop & Closed loop sampled data systems.

TEXTBOOK
1. J.Nagrath and M.Gopal,” Control System Engineering”, New Age International Publishers, 5th Edition, 2007.
2. M.Gopal, “Control System – Principles and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition,2002.

REFERENCES
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, “Automatic control systems”, Prentice Hall of India, 7th Edition,1995.
2. M.Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2007. Schaum’s Outline Series,’Feedback and Control Systems’ Tata McGraw- Hill, 2007.
3. John J.D’azzo & Constantine H.Houpis, ’Linear control system analysis and design’,Tata McGrow-Hill, Inc., 1995.
4. Richard C. Dorf & Robert H. Bishop, “ Modern Control Systems”, Addidon – Wesley, 1999.
 

EC 2257 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS II AND SIMULATION LAB<

DESIGN OF FOLLOWING CIRCUITS
1. Series and Shunt feedback amplifiers:
2. Frequency response, Input and output impedance calculation
3. RC Phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator
4. Hartley Oscillator, Colpitts Oscillator
5. Tuned Class C Amplifier
6. Integrators, Differentiators, Clippers and Clampers
7. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrators
SIMULATION USING PSPICE:
1. Differential amplifier
2. Active filters : Butterworth 2nd order LPF, HPF (Magnitude & Phase Response)
3. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrator - Transistor bias
4. D/A and A/D converters (Successive approximation)
5. Analog multiplier
6. CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR

EC 2258 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB

Design and testing of
1. Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers.
2. Integrator and Differentiator.
3. Instrumentation amplifier
4. Active lowpass, Highpass and bandpass filters.
5. Astable & Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using op-amp.
6. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators using op-amp.
7. Astable and monostable multivibrators using NE555 Timer.
8. PLL characteristics and its use as Frequency Multiplier.
9. DC power supply using LM317 and LM723.
10. Study of SMPS.
11. Simulation of Experiments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 using PSpice netlists.

EC 2259 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND CONTROL SYSTEM LAB

AIM
To expose the students to the basic operation of electrical machines and help them to develop experimental skills.
1.To study the concepts, performance characteristics, time and frequency response of linear systems.
2.To study the effects of controllers.
3.Open circuit and load characteristics of separately excited and self excited D.C. generator.
4.Load test on D.C. shunt motor.
5.Swinburne’s test and speed control of D.C. shunt motor.
6.Load test on single phase transformer and open circuit and short circuit test on single phase transformer
7.Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods.
8.Load test on three phase induction motor.
9.No load and blocked rotor tests on three phase induction motor (Determination of equivalent circuit parameters)
10.Study of D.C. motor and induction motor starters.
11.Digital simulation of linear systems.
12.Stability Analysis of Linear system using Mat lab.
13.Study the effect of P, PI, PID controllers using Mat lab.
14.Design of Lead and Lag compensator.
15.Transfer Function of separately excited D.C.Generator.
16.Transfer Function of armature and Field Controller D.C.Motor.

  • Written by PunithaV ECE
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2011 ECE III SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2011 ECE, AUC 2011
Semester: 3

MA2211, TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

OBJECTIVES
The course objective is to develop the skills of the students in the areas of Transforms and Partial Differtial Equations.
This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large number of engineering subjects like heat conduction, communication systems,electro-optics and electromagnetic theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and specialized studies and research.


Unit I - FOURIER SERIES
Dirichlet's conditions - General Fourier series - Odd and even functions - Half range sine series - Half range cosine series - Complex form of Fourier Series - Parseval's identify - Harmonic Analysis.

Unit II - FOURIER TRANSFORMS
Fourier integral theorem (without proof) - Fourier transform pair - Sine and Cosine transforms - Properties - Transforms of simple functions - Convolution theorem - Parseval's identity.

Unit III - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Formation of partial differential equations - Lagrange's linear equation - Solutions of standard types of first order partial differential equations - Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.

Unit IV - APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Solutions of one dimensional wave equation - One dimensional equation of heat conduction - Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat conduction (Insulated edges excluded) - Fourier series solutions in cartesian coordinates.

Unit V - Z -TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Z-transforms - Elementary properties - Inverse Z-transform - Convolution theorem - Formation of difference equations - Solution of difference equations using Z-transform.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Grewal, B.S, "Higher Engineering Mathematics" 40th Edition, Khanna publishers, Delhi, (2007)

REFERENCES:
1. Bali.N.P and Manish Goyal "A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics", Seventh Edition, Laxmi Publications(P) Ltd. (2007)
2. Ramana.B.V. "Higher Engineering Mathematics" Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi (2007).
3. Glyn James, "Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics", Third edition-Pearson Education (2007).
4. Erwin Kreyszig "Advanced Engineering Mathematics", Eighth edition-Wiley India (2007).
 

EC2201, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

AIM
To expose the students to the concepts of various types of electrical machines and
transmission and distribution of electrical power .
OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on Constructional details, principle of operation,
performance, starters and testing of D.C. machines.
Constructional details, principle of operation and performance of transformers.
Constructional details, principle of operation and performance of induction motors.
Constructional details and principle of operation of alternators and special machines.
Power System transmission and distribution.


Unit I - D.C. MACHINES
Constructional details , emf equation , Methods of excitation - Self and separatelyexcited generators - Characteristics of series, shunt and compound generators - Principle of operation of D.C. motor , Back emf and torque equation - Characteristics of series, shunt and compound motors - Starting of D.C. motors , Types of starters - - Testing, brake test and Swinburne?s test , Speed control of D.C. shunt motors.

Unit II - TRANSFORMERS
Constructional details , Principle of operation - emf equation - Transformation ratio - Transformer on no load , Parameters referred to HV/LV windings , Equivalent circuit - Transformer on load , Regulation , Testing , Load test - open circuit and short circuit tests.

Unit III - INDUCTION MOTORS
Construction , Types , Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors - Equivalent circuit , Performance calculation - Starting and speed control - Single phase induction motors (only qualitative treatment).

Unit IV - SYNCHRONOUS AND SPECIAL MACHINES
Construction of synchronous machine,types , Induced emf - Voltage regulation; emfand mmf methods - Brushless alternators , Reluctance motor - Hysteresis motor,Stepper motor.

Unit V - TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Structure of electric power systems - Generation, transmission and distribution systems - EHVAC and EHVDC transmission systems - Substation layout - Insulators , cables.

TEXT BOOKS
1. D.P.Kothari and I.J.Nagrath, Basic Electrical Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill
publishing company ltd, second edition, 2007 (Reprint).
2. C.L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power Systems, New Age International, fourth edition,
2007.
REFERENCES
1. S.K.Bhattacharya, Electrical Machines, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing company ltd,
second edition, 2007.
2. V.K.Mehta and Rohit Mehta, Principles of Power System, S.Chand and Company
Ltd, second edition, 2006.

EC2203, DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

To learn the basic methods for the design of digital circuits and provide the fundamental
concepts used in the design of digital systems.
To introduce basic postulates of Boolean algebra and shows the correlation between
Boolean expressions
To introduce the methods for simplifying Boolean expressions
To outline the formal procedures for the analysis and design of combinational circuits
and sequential circuits
To introduce the concept of memories and programmable logic devices.
To illustrate the concept of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits


Unit I - MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES AND LOGIC GATES
Minimization Techniques: Boolean postulates and laws , De-Morgan s Theorem - Principle of Duality , Boolean expression - Minimization of Boolean expressions - Minterm , Maxterm , Sum of Products (SOP) , Product of Sums (POS) - Karnaugh map Minimization - Don?t care conditions - Quine-McCluskey method of minimization. - Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Exclusive?OR and Exclusive?NOR- - Implementations of Logic Functions using gates ,NAND?NOR implementations - Multi level gate implementations, Multi output gate implementations. - TTL and CMOS Logic and their characteristics - Tristate gates

Unit II - COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
Design procedure , Half adder, Full Adder - Half subtractor , Full subtractor - Parallel binary adder, parallel binary Subtractor - Fast Adder , Carry Look Ahead adder - Serial Adder/Subtractor - BCD adder , Binary Multiplier , Binary Divider - Multiplexer/Demultiplexer - decoder , encoder - parity checker , parity generators - code converters - Magnitude Comparator.

Unit III - SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
Latches, Flip-flops - SR, JK, D, T, and Master-Slave - Characteristic table and equation - Application table - Edge triggering , Level Triggering - Realization of one flip flop using other flip flops - serial adder/subtractor - Asynchronous Ripple or serial counter - Asynchronous Up/Down counter - Synchronous counters - Synchronous Up/Down counters , Programmable counters - Design of Synchronous counters: state diagram, State table ,State minimization - State assignment ,Excitation table and maps - Circuit implementation - Modulo?n counter - Registers, shift registers - Universal shift registers - Shift register counters , Ring counter - Shift counters - Sequence generators.

Unit IV - Classification of memories , ROM , ROM organization
PROM , EPROM , EEPROM,EAPROM - RAM , RAM organization - Write operation , Read operation - Memory cycle , Timing wave forms , Memory decoding - Memory expansion - Static RAM Cell, Bipolar RAM cell - MOSFET RAM cell , Dynamic RAM cell , - Programmable Logic Devices - Programmable Logic Array (PLA) - Programmable Array Logic (PAL) - Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) - Implementation of combinational logic circuits using ROM, PLA, PAL

Unit V - SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
Synchronous Sequential Circuits: General Model , Classification - Design , Use of Algorithmic State Machine - Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits - Asynchronous Sequential Circuits: Design of fundamental mode and pulse mode circuits - Incompletely specified State Machines - Problems in Asynchronous Circuits - Design of Hazard Free Switching circuits - Design of Combinational and Sequential circuits using VERILOG

Text Book:
1. M. Morris Mano, Digital Design, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2003 /
Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
2. S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan, Digital Circuits and Design, 3rd Edition., Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2006
REFERENCES
1. John F.Wakerly, Digital Design, Fourth Edition, Pearson/PHI, 2006
2. John.M Yarbrough, Digital Logic Applications and Design, Thomson Learning, 2002.
3. Charles H.Roth. Fundamentals of Logic Design, Thomson Learning, 2003.
4. Donald P.Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications, 6th
Edition, TMH, 2003.
5. William H. Gothmann, Digital Electronics, 2nd Edition, PHI, 1982.
6. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 8th Edition, Pearson Education Inc, New
Delhi, 2003
7. Donald D.Givone, Digital Principles and Design, TMH, 2003.

EC2202, DATA STRUCTURES AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++

AIM
To provide an in-depth knowledge in problem solving techniques and data structures.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the systematic way of solving problems
To understand the different methods of organizing large amounts of data
To learn to program in C++
To efficiently implement the different data structures
To efficiently implement solutions for specific problems


Unit I - PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Introduction, Tokens,Expressions,contour Structures - Functions in C++, classes and objects - constructors and destructors - operators overloading and type conversions .

Unit II - ADVANCED OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Inheritance, Extending classes, Pointers - Virtual functions and polymorphism, File Handling Templates - Exception handling - Manipulating strings

Unit III - DATA STRUCTURES & ALGORITHMS
Algorithm, Analysis, Lists - Stacks and queues, Priority queues - Binary Heap Application, - Heaps,hashing - hash tables without linked lists

Unit IV - NONLINEAR DATA STRUCTURES
Trees,Binary trees, search tree ADT, AVL trees - Graph Algorithms,Topological sort - shortest path algorithm network flow problems minimum spanning tree - Introduction to NP, completeness.

Unit V - SORTING AND SEARCHING
Sorting,Insertion sort, Shell sort, Heap sort - Merge sort, Quick sort, Indirect sorting - Bucket sort, Introduction to Algorithm Design Techniques - Greedy algorithm (Minimum Spanning Tree) - Divide and Conquer (Merge Sort) - Dynamic Programming (All pairs Shortest Path Problem).

TEXT BOOKS
1. Mark Allen Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C, 3rd ed, Pearson
Education Asia, 2007.
2. E. Balagurusamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, McGraw Hill Company
Ltd., 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Michael T. Goodrich, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Wiley
student edition, 2007.
2. Sahni,Data Structures Using C++, The McGraw-Hill, 2006.
3. Seymour, Data Structures, The McGraw-Hill, 2007.
4. Jean Paul Tremblay & Paul G.Sorenson, An Introduction to data structures with
applications, Tata McGraw Hill edition, II Edition, 2002.
5. John R.Hubbard, Schaum-s outline of theory and problem of data structure with
C++,McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2000.
6. Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, Addison Wesley, 2000
7. Robert Lafore, Object oriented programming in C++, Galgotia Publication

EC2204, SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

AIM
To study and analyse characteristics of continuous, discrete signals and systems.
OBJECTIVES
To study the properties and representation of discrete and continuous signals.
To study the sampling process and analysis of discrete systems using z-transforms.
To study the analysis and synthesis of discrete time systems.


Unit I - CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Continuous time signals (CT signals) - discrete time signals (DT signals) - Step, Ramp,Pulse, Impulse, Exponential - Classification of CT and DT signals - periodic and periodic - random singals, CT systems and DT systems - Basic properties of systems - Linear Time invariant Systems and properties.

Unit II - ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS
Fourier series analysis - Spectrum of C.T. singals - Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform in Signal Analysis.

Unit III - LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS
Differential equation - Block diagram representation - Impulse response, Convolution integral - frequency response , Fourier and Laplace transforms in analysis - State variable equations and matrix representation of systems

Unit IV - ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
Sampling of CT signals and aliasing - DTFT and properties - Z-transform - properties of Z-transform.

Unit V - LINEAR TIME INVARIANT - DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS
Difference equations, Block diagram representation - Impulse response, Convolution sum - LTI systems analysis using DTFT and Z-transforms - State variable equations - matrix representation of systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Allan V.Oppenheim, S.Wilsky and S.H.Nawab, Signals and Systems, Pearson
Education, 2007.
2. Edward W Kamen & Bonnie s Heck, Fundamentals of Signals and Systems,
Pearson Education, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. H P Hsu, Rakesh Ranjan Signals and Systems, Schaum-s Outlines, Tata McGraw
Hill, Indian Reprint, 2007
2. S.Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj, C. Gnanapriya, Digital Signal Processing, McGraw Hill
International/TMH, 2007.
3. Simon Haykins and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems John Wiley & sons , Inc,
2004.
4. Robert A. Gabel and Richard A.Roberts, Signals & Linear Systems, John Wiley,
III edition, 1987.
5. Rodger E. Ziemer, William H. Tranter, D. Ronald Fannin. Signals & systems, Fourth
Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

EC2205, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I

AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic
transistor Amplifier circuits and power supplies.

OBJECTIVE
The methods of biasing transistors,
Design of simple amplifier circuits
Midband analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to determine
gain input impedance and output impedance
Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth
Design of power amplifiers- Analysis and design of power supplies.

Unit I - TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY
BJT,Need for biasing , Stability factor - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point. - Variation of quiescent point due to hFE variation within manufacturers tolerance - Stability factors , Different types of biasing circuits - Method of stabilizing the Q point - Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing - Bias compensation Diode, Thermister and Sensistor compensations - Biasing the FET and MOSFET.

Unit II - MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small signal equivalent circuit - Midband analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, - input impedance and output impedance ,Millers theorem - Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses - Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and bootstrapping - CS,CG and CD (FET) amplifiers - Multistage amplifiers. Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit - Bisection theorem. Differential gain - CMRR,Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR - Derivation of transfer characteristics

Unit III - FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers, - Definition of cutoff frequencies and bandwidth, - Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cutoff frequency Hybrid equivalent circuit of BJTs, - High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cutoff frequency, - Gain Bandwidth Product, High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs, - High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers Gain, - bandwidth product of FETs , General expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers, - Calculation of overall upper and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifiers - Amplifier rise time and sag and their relation to cutoff frequencies.

Unit IV - LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
Classification of amplifiers, Class A large signal amplifiers, - second harmonic distortion, higher order harmonic distortion, transformer - coupled class A audio power amplifier efficiency of Class A amplifiers, - Class B amplifier , efficiency ,push-pull amplifier distortion in amplifiers , - complementary-symmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier, Class C, Class D amplifier Class S amplifier, - MOSFET power amplifier, - Thermal stability and heat sink.

Unit V - RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
Classification of power supplies, Rectifiers , - Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load, - Analysis for Vdc and ripple voltage with C, L, LC and CLC filters - Voltage multipliers, Voltage regulators , - Zener diode regulator, principles of obtaining a regulated power supply, - regulator with current limiting, Over voltage protection, - Switched mode power supply (SMPS), Power control using SCR.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J and Halkias .C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 2nd
Edition, TMH, 2007.

REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, nineth
Edition, PHI, 2007
2. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices & Circuits, fourth Ediion, PHI, 2007
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
4. Allen Mottershead, Electronic Devices and Circuits An Introduction, PHI, 2010.

EC2207, DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1. Design and implementation of adder and subtractor using logic gates.
2. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates. - (i) BCD to Excess-3 code and vice-versa - (ii) Binary to Gray and vice-versa - 3. Design and implementation of 4-bit binary adder/ subtractor and BCD adder using - IC 7483. - 4. Design and implementation of 2-bit magnitude comparator using logic gates and - 8-bit magnitude comparator using IC 7485. - 5. Design and implementation of 16-bit odd/even parity checker and generator using - IC74180. - 6. Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates - and study of IC74150 and IC 74154. - 7. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of - IC7445 and IC74147. - 8. Construction and verification of 4-bit ripple counter and mod-10 / mod-12 ripple - counters. - 9. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter. - 10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip-flops. - 11. Design of experiments 1, 6, 8 and 10 using Verilog Hardware Description - Language (VHDL).

Books information not available

EC2208, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB I

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1. Fixed bias amplifier circuit using BJT
a) Waveforms at input and output without bias. - b) Determination of bias resistance to locate Q-point at center of load line. - c) Measurement of gain. - d) Plot the frequency response & determination of gain bandwidth product - 2. Design and construct BJT common emitter amplifier using voltage divider bias - (self-bias) with and without bypassed emitter resistor. - a) Measurement of gain. - b) Plot the frequency response & determination of gain bandwidth product - 3. Design and construct BJT common collector amplifier using voltage divider bias - (self-bias). - a) Measurement of gain. - b) Plot the frequency response & determination of gain bandwidth product - 4. Darlington amplifier using BJT. - a) Measurement of gain and input resistance. - b) Comparison with calculated values. - c) Plot the frequency response & determination of gain bandwidth product - 5. Source follower with bootstrapped gate resistance - a) Measurement of gain, input resistance and output resistance with and without bootstrapping. - b) Comparison with calculated values. - 6. Differential amplifier using BJT - a) Measurement of CMRR. - 7. Class A power amplifier - a) Observation of output waveform. - b) Measurement of maximum power output. - c) Determination of efficiency. - d) Comparison with calculated values. - 8. Class B complementary symmetry power amplifier - a) Observation of the output waveform with crossover distortion. - b) Modification of the circuit to avoid crossover distortion. - c) Measurement of maximum power output. - d) Determination of efficiency. - e) Comparison with calculated values. - 9. Power supply circuit Half wave rectifier with simple capacitor filter. - a) Measurement of DC voltage under load and ripple factor, comparison with calculated values. - b) Plot the load regulation characteristics using zener diode. - 10. Power supply circuit Full wave rectifier with simple capacitor filter. - a) Measurement of DC voltage under load and ripple factor, comparison with calculated values. - b) Measurement of load regulation characteristics, comparison with calculated values.

Books information not available

EC2209, DATA STRUCTURES AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1. Basic Program for C++ concepts
2.Array Implementation of List Abstract Data type(ADT) - 3.Linked list Implementation of list ADT - 4.Cursor Implementation of list ADT - 5. Stack ADT - Array and linked list Implementations - 6. Implementing any stack application using array implementation of stack ADT - 7. Queue ADT - Array and linked list implementations - 8. Search tree ADT - Binary Search Tree - 9. Heap Sort - 10. Quick Sort

Books information not available

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2011 ECE II SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2011 ECE, AUC 2011
Semester: 2

HS2161, Technical English II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Technical Vocabulary.
Meanings in context. - Sequencing words. - Articles. - Prepositions. - Intensive reading and predicting content. - Reading and interpretation. - Extended definitions. - Process description.

Unit II - Phrases and Structures indicating use and purpose.
Adverbs. - Skimming. - Non-verbal communication. - Listening. - Correlating verbal and non-verbal communication. - Speaking in group discussions. - Formal Letter writing. - Writing analytical paragraphs.

Unit III - Cause and effect expressions.
Different grammatical forms of the same word. - Speaking:stress and intonation. - Group Discussions. - Critical reading. - Writing: using connectives. - Report writing: types, structure, data collection, content, and form. - Recommendations.

Unit IV - Numerical adjectives.
Oral instructions. - Descriptive writing. - Argumentative paragraphs. - Letter of application: content, format (CV / Bio-data). - Instructions. - Imperative forms. - Checklists. - Yes/No question form. - E-mail communication.

Unit V - Discussion of Problems and solutions.
Creative and critical thinking. - Writing an essay. - Writing a proposal.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences Anna University. English for Engineers and Technologists.
Chennai: Vol I & IIOrient Longman Pvt. Ltd.: 2006.


REFERENCE:

1. P. K. Dutt, G. Rajeevan, and C.L.N Prakash. A Course in Communication Skills. Cambridge UP: India, 2007.
2. Krishna Mohan, and Meera Banerjee, Developing Communication Skills. Macmillan India Ltd., 2007.
3. Edgar Thorpe, and Showick Thorpe, Objective English. Pearson Education, 2007.


EXTENSIVE READING:

1. Robin Sharma. The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari. Jaico Publishing House: 2007.

MA2161, Mathematics II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients - Method of variation of parameters - Cauchys and Legendres linear equations - Simultaneous first order linear equations with constant coefficients

Unit II - VECTOR CALCULUS
Gradient Divergence and Curl - Directional derivative - Irrotational and solenoidal vector fields - Vector integration - Greens theorem in a plane - Gauss divergence theorem and - stokes theorem (excluding proofs)(Simple applications involving cubes and rectangular parallelpipeds)

Unit III - ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Functions of a complex variable and Analytic functions - Necessary conditions Cauchy Riemann equation and Sufficient conditions (excluding proofs) - Harmonic and orthogonal properties of analytic function - Harmonic conjugate and Construction of analytic functions - Conformal mapping : w= z+c, cz, 1/z - Bilinear transformation

Unit IV - COMPLEX INTEGRATION
Complex integration - Statement and applications of Cauchys integral theorem - Cauchys integral formula - Taylor and Laurent expansions - Singular points and Residues - Residue theorem and Application of residue theorem to evaluate real integrals - Unit circle and semi-circular contour(excluding poles on boundaries)

Unit V - LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Laplace transform and Conditions for existence - Transform of elementary functions - Basic properties and Transform of derivatives and integrals - Transform of unit step function and impulse functions - Transform of periodic functions. - Definition of Inverse Laplace transform as contour integral - Convolution theorem (excluding proof) - Initial and Final value theorems - Solution of linear ODE of second order with constant coefficients using Laplace transformation techniques.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Bali N. P and Manish Goyal, Text book of Engineering Mathematics,3 rd edition, Laxmi Publications (p) Ltd., (2008).

2. Grewal. B.S, Higher Engineering Mathematics,40 th Edition, Khanna Publications, Delhi, (2007).

REFERENCES:
1. Ramana B.V, Higher Engineering Mathematics,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company, New Delhi, (2007).
2. Glyn James, Advanced Engineering Mathematics,3 rd Edition, Pearson Education,
(2007).
3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics,7 th Edition, Wiley India,(2007).
4. Jain R.K and Iyengar S.R.K, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3 Edition, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., (2007).


 

PH2161, Engineering Physics II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - CONDUCTING MATERIALS
Conductors - classical free electron theory of metals - Electrical and thermal conductivity - Wiedemann Franz law Lorentz number - Draw backs of classical theory - Quantum theory - Fermi distribution function - Effect of temperature on Fermi Function - Density of energy states - carrier concentration in metals

Unit II - SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS
Intrinsic semiconductor - carrier concentration derivation - Fermi level Variation of Fermi level with temperature - electrical conductivity band gap determination - extrinsic semiconductors - carrier concentration derivation in n-type and p-type semiconductor - variation of Fermi level with temperature and impurity concentration compound semiconductors - Hall effect Determination of Hall coefficient - Applications.

Unit III - MAGNETIC AND SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
Origin of magnetic moment Bohr magneton Dia and para magnetism - Ferro magnetism Domain theory Hysteresis - soft and hard magnetic materials - anti ferromagnetic materials Ferrites applications - magnetic recording and readout storage of magnetic data tapes - floppy and magnetic disc drives - Superconductivity : properties Types of super conductors - BCS theory of superconductivity(Qualitative)High Tc superconductors - Applications of superconductors SQUID, cryotron, magnetic levitation.

Unit IV - DIELECTRIC MATERIALS
Electrical susceptibility dielectric constant - electronic, ionic polarisation - orientational and space charge polarization - frequency and temperature dependence of polarisation - internal field Claussius Mosotti relation (derivation) - dielectric loss - dielectric breakdown - uses of dielectric materials (capacitor and transformer) - ferroelectricity and applications

Unit V - MODERN ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Metallic glasses: preparation, properties and applications - Shape memory alloys (SMA): Characteristicsproperties of NiTi alloy, - application advantages and disadvantages of SMA - Nanomaterials: synthesis plasma arcing chemical vapour deposition - sol-gels electrodeposition ball milling properties of nanoparticles and applications - Carbon nanotubes: fabrication arc method - pulsed laser deposition - chemical vapour deposition - structure properties and applications.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Charles Kittel Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley & sons, 7Th edition, Singapore (2007)
2. Charles P. Poole and Frank J.Ownen, Introduction to Nanotechnology, Wiley India(2007) (for Unit V)

REFERENCES
1. Rajendran, V, and Marikani A, Materials science Tata McGraw Hill publications, (2004) New delhi.
2. Jayakumar, S. Materials science, R.K. Publishers, Coimbatore, (2008).
3. Palanisamy P.K, Materials science, Scitech publications(India) Pvt. LTd., Chennai, second Edition(2007)
4. M. Arumugam, Materials Science Anuradha publications, Kumbakonam, (2006).

CY2161, Engineering Chemistry II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electrochemical cells - reversible and irreversible cells - EMF measurement of emf - Single electrode potential Nernst equation (problem) - reference electrodes Standard Hydrogen electrode Calomel electrode - Ion selective electrode glass electrode and measurement ofpH - electrochemical series significance - potentiometer titrations (redox - Fe 2+ vs dichromate and precipitation Ag+ vs Cl-titrations) - and conduct metric titrations (acid-base HCI vs,NaOH) titrations.

Unit II - CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL
Chemical corrosion Pilling Bedworth rule - electrochemical corrosion - different types galvanic corrosion differential aeration corrosion - factors influencing corrosion - corrosion control - sacrificial anode and - impressed cathodic current methods corrosion inhibitors - protective coatings paints constituents and functions - metallic coatings hot dipping - electroplating (Au) - and electroless (Ni) plating.

Unit III - FUELS AND COMBUSTION
Calorific value classification Coal - proximate and ultimate analysis - metallurgical coke manufacture by Otto-Hoffmann method - Petroleum processing and fractions - cracking catalytic cracking and methods - knocking octane number and cetane number - synthetic petrol Fischer Tropsch and Bergius processes - Gaseous fuels- water gas, producer gas, CNG and LPG, - Flue gas analysis Orsat apparatus - theoretical air for combustion.

Unit IV - PHASE RULE AND ALLOYS
Statement and explanation of terms involved - one component system water system - condensed phase rule - construction of phase diagram by thermal analysis - simple eutectic systems (lead-silver system only) - alloys importance, ferrous alloys nichrome and stainless steel - heat treatment of steel, - non-ferrous alloys brass and bronze.

Unit V - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Beer-Lamberts law (problem) - UV-visible spectroscopy - IR spectroscopy principles instrumentation (block diagram only) - problem - estimation of iron by colorimetry - flame photometry principle instrumentation (block diagram only) - estimation of sodium by flame photometry - atomic absorption spectroscopy principles instrumentation (block diagram only) - estimation of nickel by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

TEXT BOOKS

1. P.C.Jain and Monica Jain, -Engineering Chemistry- Dhanpat Rai Pub, Co., New Delhi (2002).
2. S.S.Dara -A text book of Engineering Chemistry- S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New Delhi (2006).


REFERENCES

1. B.Sivasankar -Engineering Chemistry- Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.Co.Ltd, New Delhi (2008).
2. B.K.Sharma -Engineering Chemistry- Krishna Prakasan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut (2001).
vailable

I YR ELECTIVE I, ELECTIVE I

I YR ELECTIVE II, ELECTIVE II

I YR ELECTIVE III, ELECTIVE III

GE2155, Computer Practice Laboratory II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1. UNIX COMMANDS 15
Study of Unix OS - Basic Shell Commands - Unix Editor - 2. SHELL PROGRAMMING 15 - Simple Shell program - Conditional Statements - Testing and Loops - 3. C PROGRAMMING ON UNIX 15 - Dynamic Storage Allocation-Pointers-Functions-File Handling

Books information not available

GS2165, Physics & Chemistry Laboratory II

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - PHYSICS LABORATORY II
Determination of Youngs modulus of the material non uniform bending. - Determination of Band Gap of a semiconductor material

Unit II - Determination of specific resistance of a given coil of wire Carey Foster Bridge.
Determination of viscosity of liquid Poiseuilles method

Unit III - Spectrometer dispersive power of a prism.
Determination of Young?s modulus of the material uniform bending. - Torsional pendulum Determination of rigidity modulus.

Unit IV - CHEMISTRY LABORATORY II
Conduct metric titration (Simple acid base) - Conduct metric titration (Mixture of weak and strong acids) - Conduct metric titration using BaCl2 vs Na2 SO4

Unit V - Potentiometric Titration (Fe2+ vs K2Cr2O7)
PH titration (acid & base) - Determination of water of crystallization of a crystalline salt (Copper sulphate) - Estimation of Ferric iron by spectrophotometry.

Books information not available

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2010 ECE VIII SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2010 ECE, Anna University Madurai 2010
Semester: 8

ECE ELECTIVE IV, Elective IV

10144ECE41, Digital Image Processing

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Elements of digital image processing systems - Vidicon and Digital Camera working principles - Elements of visual perception - brightness - contrast - hue - saturation - mach band effect - Color image fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, Image sampling, - Quantization, dither - Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries - 2D transforms - DFT, DCT, KLT, SVD

Unit II - IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
Histogram equalization and specification techniques - Noise distributions - Spatial averaging - Directional Smoothing - Median - Geometric mean - Harmonic mean - Contraharmonic mean filters - Homomorphic filtering - Color image enhancement

Unit III - IMAGE RESTORATION
Image Restoration - degradation model - Unconstrained restoration - Lagrange multiplier and Constrained restoration - Inverse filtering - removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion - Wiener filtering - Geometric transformations spatial transformations

Unit IV - IMAGE SEGMENTATION
Edge detection - Edge linking via Hough transform - Thresholding - Region based segmentation - Region growing - Region splitting and Merging - Segmentation by morphological watersheds - basic concepts - Dam construction - Watershed segmentation algorithm

Unit V - IMAGE COMPRESSION
Need for data compression - Huffman - Run Length Encoding - Shift codes - Arithmetic coding - Vector Quantization - Transform coding - JPEG standard - MPEG

TEXTBOOKS
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, , Digital Image Processing, Pearson ,
Second Edition, 2004.
2. Anil K. Jain, , Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson 2002.
REFERENCES:
1. Kenneth R. Castleman, Digital Image Processing, Pearson, 2006.
2. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins, Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3. D,E. Dudgeon and RM. Mersereau, , Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing,
Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990.
4. William K. Pratt, , Digital Image Processing , John Wiley, New York, 2002
5. Milan Sonka et aI, IMAGE PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND MACHINE
VISION, Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999,

ECE ELECTIVE V, Elective V

10144ECE52, Satellite Communication

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - SATELLITE ORBITS
Keplers Laws - Newton?s law - orbital parameters - orbital perturbations - station keeping - geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbits - Look Angle Determination - Limits of visibility - eclipse Sub satellite point - Sun transit outage Launching Procedures - launch vehicles and propulsion

Unit II - SPACE SEGMENT AND SATELLITE LINK DESIGN
Spacecraft Technology - Structure - Primary power - Attitude and Orbit control - Thermal control and Propulsion - communication Payload and supporting subsystems - Telemetry - Tracking and command - Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis and Design - link budget - E N calculation performance impairments system noise - inter modulation and interference - Propagation Characteristics and Frequency considerations - System reliability and design lifetime

Unit III - SATELLITE ACCESS
Modulation and Multiplexing - Voice, Data, Video, Analog digital transmission system, - Digital video Brocast - multiple access FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment Methods - Spread Spectrum communication - compression - encryption

Unit IV - EARTH SEGMENT
Earth Station Technology - Terrestrial Interface - Transmitter and Receiver - Antenna Systems - TVRO, MATV, CATV - Test Equipment Measurements on G T, C No, EIRP - Antenna Gain

Unit V - SATELLITE APPLICATIONS
INTELSAT Series - INSAT - VSAT - Mobile satellite services GSM, GPS, INMARSAT,LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System - Direct Broadcast satellites DBS - Direct to home Broadcast DTH - Digital audio broadcast DAB - Worldspace services - Business TVBTV, GRAMSAT - Specialized services - E mail - Video conferencing - Internet

TEXT BOOKS
1. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communication, McGraw Hill International, 4th Edition,
2006.
2. Wilbur L. Pritchard, Hendri G. Suyderhoud, Robert A. Nelson, Satellite
Communication Systems Engineering, Prentice HallPearson, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. N.Agarwal, Design of Geosynchronous Space Craft, Prentice Hall, 1986.
2. Bruce R. Elbert, The Satellite Communication Application Hand Book, Artech
House Bostan London, 1997.
3. Tri T. Ha, Digital Satellite Communication, II edition, 1990.
4. G.B.Bleazard, Introducing Satellite communications NCC Publication, 1985.
5. M.Richharia, Satellite Communication Systems Design Principles,
Macmillan 2003

10144ECE42, Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - BASIC CONCEPTS
Definition of EMI and EMC with examples, Classification of EMI/EMC ,CE, RE, CS, RS - Units of Parameters, Sources of EMI, EMI coupling modes ,CM and DM, ESD - Phenomena and effects, Transient phenomena and suppression.

Unit II - EMI MEASUREMENTS
Basic principles of RE, CE, RS and CS measurements, EMI measuring instruments - Antennas, LISN, Feed through capacitor, current probe,EMC analyzer and detection - technique open area site, shielded anechoic chamber, TEM cell.

Unit III - EMC STANDARD AND REGULATIONS
National and Intentional standardizing organizations- FCC, CISPR, ANSI, DOD, IEC - CENEEC, FCC CE and RE standards, CISPR, CE and RE Standards, IEC/EN, CS standards - Frequency assignment - spectrum conversation.

Unit IV - EMI CONTROL METHODS AND FIXES
Shielding, Grounding, Bonding, Filtering, EMI gasket, Isolation transformer, opto isolator.

Unit V - EMC DESIGN AND INTERCONNECTION TECHNIQUES
Cable routing and connection, Component selection and mounting, PCB design - Tracerouting, Impedance control, decoupling, Zoning and grounding

1. Prasad Kodali.V ,Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility ,S.Chand&Co ,New Delhi ,2000
2. Clayton R.Paul ,Introduction to Electromagnetic compatibility,John Wiley & Sons,1992
REFERENCES
1. Keiser ,Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility, Artech House ,3rd Edition ,
1994
2. Donwhite Consultant Incorporate ,Handbook of EMI / EMC ,Vol I ,1985 .

10144ECE43, Automotive Electronics

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - SENSORS AND ACTIVATIONS
Introduction , Types of Sensors , Pressure Sensors , Linear and Angle Position Sensors - Flow Sensors , Temperature, Heat and Humidity Sensors , Exhaust gas sensors , Speed andnAcceleration Sensors - Engine Knock and Torques Sensors , Activators,Working Principle , Diagram , Expiation is sufficient - No need for performance analysis, factors effecting, the sensor, Characteristic study.

Unit II - CONTROL SYSTEM
Introduction , Automotive Microcontrollers , Engine Control , Transmission Control - Cruise Control , Suspension Control , Steering Control , Lighting Wipers, Air Conditioning Control

Unit III - Introduction , Panel Display , Passenger Safety and Convenience System , Keyless
Entry and Antitheft system , Audio System , Multiplex Wiring System.

Unit IV - Introduction , SAE and EMC Standards , IEEE Standard Related to EMC, Electromagnetic Environment
Compatibility , Noise Propagation Modes, Cabling and components Punted - Circuit Boand Check List, IC Decoupling, IC Process Affects.

Unit V - Introduction , Otjely Definition, Collision warning and Avoidance Methods , Adaptive Cruise Control
Navigation AIDS, Driver Information System , Intelligent Transportation - Electric and Hybrid Vehicle , Noise Cancellation , Digital Vehicle.

1.William Robbens, Understanding Automotive Electronic, Newnes publisher, 6th Edition.
2002 ISBN 10 : 0750675993 ISBH - 13 : 978 - 0750675994.
2.Jack Eviavee,Automotive Techology: A System Approach, Engage learning, 5th edition,
2009.ISBN 10 : 142831149 1 ISBN - 13 : 978 -142811497.

10144ECE44, Television and Video Engineering

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEVISION
Aspect ratio,Image continuity,Number of scanning lines,Interlaced scanning,Picture - resolution,Camera tubes,Image Orthicon,Vidicon,Plumbicon, Silicon Diode Array Vidicon, - Solid,state Image scanners, Monochrome picture tubes, Composite video signal, video signal - dimension,horizontal sync. Composition,vertical sync. Detailsfunctions of vertical pulse train, - Scanning sequence details. Picture signal transmissionpositive and negative modulation, VSB - transmission, Sound signal transmission, Standard channel bandwidth.

Unit II - MONOCHROME TELEVISION TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
TV transmitter,TV signal Propagation,Interference,TV Transmission Antennas, - Monochrome TV receiver,RF tuner,UHF, VHF tuner,Digital tuning techniques,AFT,IF - subsystems,AGC Noise cancellation,Video and Sound intercarrier detectionVision IF - subsystem,DC reinsertionVideo amplifier circuits,Sync operation, typical sync processing - circuits-Deflection current waveforms, Deflection oscillators- Frame deflection circuitsrequirements, - Line deflection circuits,EHT generation-Receiver antennas.

Unit III - ESSENTIALS OF COLOUR TELEVISION
Compatibility, Colour perception,Three colour theory, Luminance, Hue and saturation, - Colour television cameras,Values of luminance and colour difference signals,Colour - television display tubes,Delta,gun Precisioninline and Trinitron colour picture tubes, - Purity and convergence, Purity and static and Dynamic convergence adjustments, Pincushioncorrection - techniques,Automatic degaussing circuit, Gray scale trackingcolour signal - transmission, Bandwidth,Modulation of colour difference signals,Weighting factors, - Formation of chrominance signal.

Unit IV - COLOUR TELEVISION SYSTEMS
NTSC colour TV systems,SECAM system, PAL colour TV systems, Cancellation of phase - errors,PALD Colour system,PAL coder,PAL,Decoder receiver,Chromo signal amplifierseparation - of U and V signals,colour burst separation,Burst phase Discriminator,ACC - mplifier,Reference Oscillator,Ident and colour killer circuits,U and V demodulators, Colour - signal matrixing. Sound in TV

Unit V - ADVANCED TELEVISION SYSTEMS
Satellite TV technology,Geo Stationary Satellites,Satellite Electronics,Domestic Broadcast - System,Cable TV,Cable Signal Sources,Cable Signal Processing, Distribution & Scrambling, - Video Recording,VCR Electronics,Video Home Formats, Video Disc recording and - playback,DVD Players,Tele Text Signal coding and broadcast receiver, Digital television, - Transmission and reception ,Projection television,Flat panel display TV receivers,LCD and - Plasma screen receivers,3DTV,EDTV.

1. R.R.Gulati, Monochrome Television Practice, Principles, Technology and servicing.
Third Edition 2006, New Age International (P) Publishers.
2. R.R.Gulati, Monochrome & Color Television, New Age International Publisher, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. A.M Dhake, Television and Video Engineering, 2nd ed., TMH, 2003.
2. R.P.Bali, Color Television, Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1994

10144ECE45, Nano Electronics

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
Background to nanotechnology: Types of nanotechnology and nanomachines ,Periodic table , atomic structure - molecules and phases ,energy , molecular and atomic size , surface and dimensional space - top down and bottom up; Molecular Nanotechnology: Electron microscope , scanning electron microscope - atomic force microscope , scanning tunnelling microscope , nanomanipulator , nanotweezers , atom manipulation , nanodots - self assembly , dip pen nanolithography. Nanomaterials: preparation , plasma arcing , chemical vapor deposition , sol,gels - electrodeposition , ball milling , applications of nanomaterials

Unit II - FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOELECTRONICS
Fundamentals of logic devices:- Requirements , dynamic properties - threshold gates;physical limits to computations; concepts of logic devices:- classifications - two terminal devices , field effect devices ,coulomb blockade devices ,spintronics , quantum cellular automata - quantum computing , DNA computer; performance of information processing systems - basic binary operations, measure of performance processing capability of biological neurons - performance estimation for the human brain. Ultimate computation:- power dissipation limit ,dissipation in reversible computation - the ultimate computer.

Unit III - SILICON MOSFETs & QUANTUM TRANSPORT DEVICES
Silicon MOSFETS ,Novel materials and alternate concepts:- fundamentals of MOSFET - Devices, scaling rules , silicon,dioxide based gate dielectrics , metal gates , junctions & contacts - advanced MOSFET concepts,Quantum transport devices based on resonant tunneling:- Electron tunneling - resonant tunneling diodes, resonant tunneling devices; Single electron devices for logic applications, Single electron devices - applications of single electron devices to logic circuits.

Unit IV - CARBON NANOTUBES
Carbon Nanotube: Fullerenes ,types of nanotubes , formation of nanotubes assemblies - purification of carbon nanotubes , electronic propertics ,synthesis of carbon nanotubes - carbon nanotube interconnects , carbon nanotube FETs ,Nanotube for memory applications - prospects of an all carbon nanotube nanoelectronics.

Unit V - MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS
Electrodes & contacts , functions , molecular electronic devices ,first test systems - simulation and circuit design , fabrication; Future applications: MEMS , robots , random access memory , mass storage devices.

1. Michael Wilson, Kamali Kannangara, Geoff Smith, Michelle Simmons and Burkhard
Raguse, Nanotechnology: Basic Science and Emerging Technologies, Chapman &
Hall / CRC, 2002
2. T. Pradeep, NANO: The Essentials ? Understanding Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, TMH, 2007
3. Rainer Waser (Ed.), Nanoelectronics and Information Technology: Advanced
Electronic Materials and Novel Devices, Wiley-VCH, 2003.
 

10144ECE46, Avionics

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Introduction to aircraft , Axes system , Parts, importance and role of Avionic - Systems which interface directly with pilot , Aircraft state sensor systems - Navigation systems ,External world sensor systems ,task automation systems - Avionics architecture evolution. Avionics Data buses ,MIL STD 1553, ARINC 429, ARINC 629.

Unit II - RADIO NAVIGATION
Types of Radio Navigation , ADF, DME, VOR, LORAN, DECCA, OMEGA. ILS, MLS

Unit III - INERTIAL AND SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Inertial sensors ,Gyroscopes, Accelerometers, Inertial navigation systems , Block diagram - Platform and strap down INS. Satellite Navigation , GPS

Unit IV - AR DATA SYSTEMS AND AUTOPILOT
Air data quantities , Altitude, Airspeed, Mach no., Vertical speed, Total Air temperature - Stall warning, Altitude warning. Autopilot , basic principles - longitudinal and lateral autopilot.

Unit V - AIRCRAFT DISPLAYS
Display technologies , LED, LCD, CRT, Flat Panel Display. Primary Flight parameter displays - Head Up Display, Helmet Mounted Display, Night vision goggles, Head Down Display, MFD, MFK, Virtual cockpit.

1. Albert Helfrick. D, Principles of Avionics, Avionics communications Inc., 2004
2. Collinson, R.P.G, Introduction to Avionics, Chapman and Hall, 1996.
REFERENCES:
1. Middleton, D.H, Avionics Systems, Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman
Group UK Ltd, England, 1989.
2. Spitzer, C.R. Digital Avionics System, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA
1993.
3. Spitzer, C.R, The Avionics Handbook, CRC Press, 2000.
4. Pallet, E.H.J, Aircraft Instruments and Integrated Systems, Longman Scientific.

10144ECE51, Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Pattern Classification
Overview of Pattern Recognition - Decision functions-Supervised and - Unsupervised pattern classifications - Pattern classification by distance functions - cluster seeking -Statistical decision making.

Unit II - Syntactic Pattern Recognition
Concepts of formal language theory - Formulation of the syntactic pattern - Recognition problem - Recognition grammars - Syntactic Pattern description - Statistical considerations - Learning and Grammtical Inference.

Unit III - Pattern Preprocessing and Feature selection
Distance measures - clustering transformations and feature ordering - Feature selection through Entropy minimization - Feature selection through orthogonal expansions - Functional approximations-Binary feature selection.

Unit IV - Processing of Waves and Images
Gray level scaling transformations - Equalization-Geometric Image scaling - and Interpolation-Smoothing transformations - Edge detection- Laplacian and Sharpening operators - Line detection and template matching - Statistical significance of Image features.

Unit V - Image Analysis
Scene segmentation and Labeling - Counting objects-Perimeter measurement - Following and Representing boundaries - Projections -Hough transforms - Line fitting -Shapes of regions - Morphological operations-Image sequences - Cardiac Blood Pool Image Sequence Analysis.

TEXTBOOK :
1.Tou and Gonzalez, Pattern Recognition Principles, Wesley publicationcompany,London,1974.
2. Earl Gose, Richard Johnson Baugh and Steve Jost, Pattern Recognition andImage Analysi, PHI,2






 

10144ECE53, Mobile Adhoc Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Introduction to adhoc networks - definition-characteristics featuresapplications - Charectristics of Wireless channel - Adhoc Mobility Models:- Indoor and out door models.

Unit II - MEDIUM ACCESS PROTOCOLS
MAC Protocols design issues - goals and classification-Contention based protocols - with reservation scheduling algorithms - protocols using directional antennas - IEEEstandards 802.11a, 802.11b - 802.11g, 802.15. HIPERLAN.

Unit III - NETWORK PROTOCOLS
Routing Protocols Design issues - goals and classification. - Proactive Vs reactive routing - Unicast routing algorithms - Multicast routing algorithms - hybrid routing algorithm - Energy aware routing algorithm - Hierarchical Routing - QoS aware routing.

Unit IV - END-END DELIVERY AND SECURITY
Transport layer Issues in desiging - Transport layer classification - adhoc transport protocols - Security issues in adhoc networks issues and challenges - network security attacks - secure routing protocols.

Unit V - CROSS LAYER DESIGN AND INTEGRATION OF ADHOC FOR 4G
Cross layer Design Need for cross layer design - cross layer optimization - parameter optimization techniques - Cross layer cautionary prespective. - Intergration of adhoc with Mobile IP networks.

TEXTBOOKS
1. C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S.Manoj, Ad hoc Wireless Networks Architectures andprotocols, 2nd edition, Pearson Education. 2007
2. Charles E. Perkins, Ad hoc Networking, Addison â-- Wesley, 2000
REFERENCES:
1. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan stojmenovic, Mobilead hocnetworking, Wiley-IEEE press, 2004.
2. Mohammad Ilyas, The handbook of adhoc wireless networks, CRC press, 2002.
3. T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc NetworkResearch, Wireless Commun. and Mobile Comp., Special Issue on Mobile Ad HocNetworking Research, Trends and Applications, vol. 2, no. 5, 2002, pp. 483502.
4. A survey of integrating IP mobility protocols and Mobile Ad hoc networks, Fekri M.Abduljalil and Shrikant K. Bodhe, IEEE communication Survey and tutorials, v 9.no.12007
5. V.T.Raisinhani and S.Iyer Cross layer design optimization in wireless protocolstacksComp. communication, vol 27 no. 8, 2004.
6. V.T.Raisinhani and S.Iyer,ÃCLAIR; An Efficient Cross-Layer Architecture for wirelessprotocol stacks,World Wireless cong., San francisco,CA,May 2004.
7. V.Kawadia and P.P.Kumar,A cautionary perspective on Cross-Layer design,IEEEWireless commn., vol 12, no 1,2005.

10144ECE54, Wireless Sensor Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks, Enabling Technologies For Wireless Sensor Networks.

Unit II - ARCHITECTURES
Single Node Architecture - Hardware Components, Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes - Operating Systems and Execution Environments, Network Architecture , - Sensor Network Scenarios, Optimization Goals and Figures of Merit, Gateway Concepts.

Unit III - NETWORKING SENSORS
Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations, MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks - Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup Concepts , S-MAC , The Mediation Device Protocol - Wakeup Radio Concepts, Address and Name Management,Assignment of MAC Addresses, Routing Protocols - Energy-Efficient Routing, Geographic Routing.

Unit IV - INFRASTRUCTURE ESTABLISHMENT
Topology Control , Clustering, Time Synchronization, Localization and Positioning, Sensor Tasking and Control.

Unit V - SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS
Sensor Node Hardware , Berkeley Motes, Programming Challenges, Node level software platforms - Node-level Simulators, State-centric programming.

1. Holger Karl & Andreas Willig, Protocols And Architectures for Wireless SensorNetworks , John Wiley, 2005.
2. Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, Wireless Sensor Networks- An InformationProcessing Approach, Elsevier, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks-Technology, Protocols, And Applications, John Wiley, 2007.
2. Anna Hac, Wireless Sensor Network Designs, John Wiley, 2003.
 

10144ECE55, Remote Sensing

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - REMOTE SENSING
Definition,Components of Remote Sensing - Energy, Sensor, Interacting Body - Active and Passive Remote Sensing - Platforms-Aerial and Space Platforms - Balloons-Helicopters, Aircraft and Satellites - Synoptivity and Repetivity - Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) - EMR spectrum GÇô Visible - Infra Red (IR) - Near IR, Middle IR, Thermal IR and Microwave - Black Body Radiation-PlanckGÇÖs law-Stefan-Boltzman law.

Unit II - EMR INTERACTION WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH MATERIALS
Atmospheric characteristics - Scattering of EMR , Raleigh Raman Scattering - Mie, Non-selective and - EMR Interaction with Water vapour and ozone - Atmospheric Windows - Significance of Atmospheric windows - EMR interaction with Earth Surface Materials - Radiance -Irradiance-Incident-Reflected - Absorbed and Transmitted Energy, - Reflectance -Specular and Diffuse Reflection Surfaces - Spectral Signature - Spectral Signature curves - EMR interaction with water - soil and Earth Surface:Imaging - spectrometry and spectral characteristics.

Unit III - OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
Satellites -Classification - Based on Orbits and Purpose -Satellite Sensors - Resolution -Description of Multi Spectral Scanning - Along and Across Track Scanners - Description of Sensors in Landsat-SPOT-IRS series - Current Satellites -Radar - Speckle-Back Scattering -Side Looking Airborne Radar - Synthetic Aperture Radar, - Radiometer-Geometrical characteristics - Sonar remote sensing systems.

Unit IV - GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
GIS=Components of GIS -Hardware - Software and Organisational Context - Data Spatial and Non Spatial - Maps-Types of Maps -Projection -Types of Projection - Data Input-Digitizer-Scanner, - Editing-Raster and Vector data structures - Comparison of Raster and Vector data structure-Analysis using Raster and Vector - data -Retrieval Reclassification- Overlaying-Buffering - Data Output -Printers and Plotters

Unit V - MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
Visual Interpretation of Satellite Images - Elements of Interpretation - Interpretation Keys Characteristics of Digital Satellite Image - Image enhancement-Filtering - Classification -Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing - Application of Remote Sensing - and GIS-Urban Applications-Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing - Application of Remote Sensing and GIS - Water resources-Urban Analysis -Watershed Management - Resources Information Systems - Global positioning system -an introduction.

TEXT BOOKS
1. M.G. Srinivas(Edited by), Remote Sensing Applications, Narosa Publishing House,2001. (Units 1 & 2).
2. Anji Reddy, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, BSPublications 2001 (Units 3, 4 & 5).
REFERENCES
1. Jensen, J.R., Remote sensing of the environment, Prentice Hall, 2000.
2. Kang-Tsung Chang,Introduction to Geograhic Information Systems, TMH, 2002
3. Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc, New York, 1987.
4. Burrough P A, Principle of GIS for land resource assessment, Oxford
5. Mischael Hord, Remote Sensing Methods and Applications, John Wiley & Sons,New York, 1986.
6. Singal, Remote Sensing, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1990.
7. Floyd F. Sabins, Remote sensing, Principles and interpretation, W H Freeman andCompany 1996.

10144ECE56, Optical Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - OPTICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Light propagation in optical fibers ,Loss & bandwidth, System limitations - NonLinear effects; Solitons; Optical Network Components ,Couplers, Isolators & Circulators - Multiplexers & Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switches, Wavelength Converters.

Unit II - OPTICAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURES
Introduction to Optical Networks; SONET / SDH, Metropoliton Area Networks, Layered - Architecture ; Broadcast and Select Networks , Topologies for Broadcast Networks, - Media-Access Control Protocols, Testbeds for Broadcast & Select WDM; - Wavelength Routing Architecture.

Unit III - WAVELENGTH ROUTING NETWORKS
The optical layer, Node Designs, Optical layer cost tradeoff - Routing and wavelength assignment - Virtual topology design, Wavelength Routing Testbeds - Architectural variations.

Unit IV - PACKET SWITCHING AND ACCESS NETWORKS
Photonic Packet Switching , OTDM, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing, Synchronisation - Broadcast OTDM networks, Switch based networks; Access Networks - Network Architecture overview, Future Access Networks - Optical Access Network Architectures; - OTDM networks.

Unit V - NETWORK DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Transmission System Engineering , System model, Power penalty , transmitter - receiver, Optical amplifiers, crosstalk, dispersion; Wavelength stabilization - Overall design considerations; Control and Management , Network management functions - Configuration management, Performance management, Fault management - Optical safety, Service interface.

1. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks : A PracticalPerspective, Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd., Second Edition 2004.
REFERENCES:
1. C. Siva Ram Moorthy and Mohan Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks : Concept,Design and Algorithms, Prentice Hall of India, Ist Edition, 2002.
2. P.E. Green, Jr., Fiber Optic Networks, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993.
 

10144ECE57, Wireless Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS
Medium Access Alternatives: Fixed Assignment for Voice Oriented Networks - Random Access for Data Oriented Networks - Handoff and Roaming Support - Security and Privacy.

Unit II - WIRELESS WANS
First Generation Analog, Second Generation TDMA , GSM - Short Messaging Service in GSM - Second Generation CDMA - IS-95, GPRS - Third Generation Systems - (WCDMA/CDMA 2000)

Unit III - WIRELESS LANS
Introduction to wireless LANs - IEEE 802.11 WLAN , Architecture and Services, - Physical Layer, MAC sublayer - MAC Management Sublayer, Other IEEE 802.11 standards - HIPERLAN, WiMax standard.

Unit IV - ADHOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS
Characteristics of MANETs - Table driven and Source initiated On Demand routing protocols - Hybrid protocols, Wireless Sensor networks - Classification, MAC and Routing protocols.

Unit V - WIRELESS MANS AND PANS
Wireless MANs , Physical and MAC layer details - Wireless PANs , Architecture of Bluetooth Systems - Physical and MAC layer details, Standards.

1. William Stallings, Wireless Communications and networks Pearson Prentice Hall of India, 2nd Ed., 2007.
2. Dharma Prakash Agrawal & Qing-An Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems, Thomson India Edition, 2nd Ed., 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Vijay. K. Garg, Wireless Communication and Networking, Morgan KaufmannPublishers, 2007.
2. Kaveth Pahlavan, Prashant Krishnamurthy, Principles of WirelessNetworks,Pearson Education Asia, 2002.
3. Gary. S. Rogers & John Edwards, An Introduction to Wireless Technology, PearsonEducation, 2007.
4. Clint Smith, P.E. & Daniel Collins, 3G Wireless Networks, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed,.2007.

10144ECE58, Telecommunication Switching and Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - MULTIPLEXING
Transmission Systems, FDM Multiplexing and modulation, Time Division Multiplexing - Digital Transmission and Multiplexing, Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Binary N-Zero - Substitution, Digital Biphase, Differential Encoding, Time Division Multiplexing, Time - Division Multiplex Loops and Rings, SONET SDH SONET Multiplexing Overview - SONET Frame Formats, SONET Operations, Administration and Maintenance, Payload - Framing and Frequency Justification, Virtual Tributaries, DS3 Payload Mapping, E4 - Payload Mapping, SONET Optical Standards, SONET Networks. SONET Rings - Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring, Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring.

Unit II - DIGITAL SWITCHING
Switching Functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, twodimensional - Switching STS Switching, TST Switching, No.4 ESS Toll Switch, Digital Cross Connect - Systems, Digital Switching in an Analog Environment. Elements of SS7 signaling.

Unit III - NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT
Timing Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop, Clock Instability, Jitter Measurements - Systematic Jitter. Timing Inaccuracies Slips, Asynchronous Multiplexing, Network - Synchronization, U.S. Network Synchronization, Network Control, Network - Management.

Unit IV - DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS
ISDN ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture, ISDN U Interface, ISDN D Channel - Protocol. High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - VDSL. Digital Loop Carrier Systems: Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems - Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier - Fiber in the Loop Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems, Voice band Modems: PCM Modems - Local Microwave Distribution Service, Digital Satellite Services.

Unit V - TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Traffic Characterization: Arrival Distributions, Holding Time Distributions, Loss Systems - Network Blocking Probabilities End-to-End Blocking Probabilities, Overflow Traffic - Delay Systems: Exponential service Times, Constant Service Times, Finite Queues.

1. J. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, John Wiley, 2003, 3rd Edition.
2. JE Flood, Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks, Pearson.
REFERENCES:
1. R.A.Thomson, Telephone switching Systems, Artech House Publishers, 2000.
2. W. Stalling, Data and Computer Communications, Prentice Hall, 1993.
3. T.N.Saadawi, M.H.Ammar, A.E.Hakeem, Fundamentals of TelecommunicationNetworks, Wiley Interscience, 1994.
4. W.D. Reeve, Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission Hand book, IEEEPress(Telecomm Handbook Series), 1995.
5. Viswanathan. T., Telecommunication Switching System and Networks, PrenticeHall of India Ltd., 1994.

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2010 ECE VII SEM- BE Curriculum and Syllabus

Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E.2010 ECE, Anna University Madurai 2010
Semester: 7

ECE ELECTIVE II, ELECTIVE II

10144GE004, Total Quality Management

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Introduction - Need for quality - Evolution of quality - Definition of quality - Dimensions of manufacturing and service quality - Basic concepts of TQM - Definition of TQM - TQM Framework - Contributions of Deming, Juran and Crosby - Barriers to TQM.

Unit II - TQM PRINCIPLES
Leadership - Strategic quality planning, Quality statements - Customer focus - Customer orientation, Customer satisfaction, Customer complaints, - Customer retention - Employee involvement - Motivation, Empowerment, Team and Teamwork, - Recognition and Reward, Performance appraisal - Continuous process improvement - PDSA cycle,5s, - Kaizen Supplier partnership - Partnering, Supplier selection, Supplier Rating.

Unit III - TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES I
The seven traditional tools of quality - New management tools - Six sigma: Concepts, - methodology, - applications to manufacturing, - service sector including IT - Bench marking - Reason to bench mark, - Bench marking process - FMEA Stages, Types.

Unit IV - TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES II
Quality circles - Quality Function Deployment (QFD) - Taguchi quality loss function - TPM Concepts, - improvement needs - Cost of Quality - Performance measures.

Unit V - QUALITY SYSTEMS
Need for ISO 9000 - ISO 9000 2000 - Quality System Elements, Documentation, - Quality auditing - QS 9000 - ISO 14000 Concepts, - Requirements and Benefits - Case studies of TQM implementation in manufacturing and service sectors including IT.

TEXT BOOK
1. Dale H.Besterfiled, et at., Total Quality Management, Pearson Education Asia, 3rd
Edition, Indian Reprint (2006).
REFERENCES
1. James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay, The Management and Control of Quality,
6th Edition, South Western (Thomson Learning), 2005.
2. Oakland, J.S., TQM Text with Cases, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, 3rd
Edition, 2003.
3. Suganthi,L and Anand Samuel, Total Quality Management, Prentice Hall (India)
Pvt. Ltd.,2006.
4. Janakiraman, B and Gopal, R.K, Total Quality Management Text and Cases,
Prentice Hall (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2006.

ECE ELECTIVE III, Elective III

10144ECE38, Optoelectronic Devices

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - ELEMENTS OF LIGHT AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Wave nature of light, Polarization, Interference, Diffraction, Light Source, review of - Quantum Mechanical concept, Review of Solid State Physics, Review of Semiconductor - Physics and Semiconductor Junction Device.

Unit II - DISPLAY DEVICES AND LASERS
Introduction, Photo Luminescence, Cathode Luminescence, Electro Luminescence, - Injection Luminescence, Injection Luminescence, LED, Plasma Display, Liquid Crystal - Displays, Numeric Displays, Laser Emission, Absorption, Radiation, Population - Inversion, Optical Feedback, Threshold condition, Laser Modes, Classes of Lasers, - Mode Locking, laser applications.

Unit III - OPTICAL DETECTION DEVICES
Photo detector, Thermal detector, Photo Devices, Photo Conductors, Photo diodes, - Detector Performance.

Unit IV - OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATOR
Introduction, Analog and Digital Modulation, Electro optic modulators, Magneto Optic - Devices, Acoustoptic devices, Optical, Switching and Logic Devices.

Unit V - OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Introduction, hybrid and Monolithic Integration, Application of Opto Electronic Integrated - Circuits, Integrated transmitters and Receivers, Guided wave devices. -

TEXTBOOKS
1. Pallab Bhattacharya Semiconductor Opto Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
2. Jasprit Singh, Opto Electronics As Introduction to materials and devices,
McGraw Hill International Edition, 1998
REFERENCES
1. S C Gupta, Opto Electronic Devices and Systems, Prentice Hal of India,2005.
2. J. Wilson and J.Haukes, Opto Electronics An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 1995.

10144ECE21, Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - PARAMETRIC METHODS FOR POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
Relationship between the auto correlation and the model parameters , The Yule , Walker - method for the AR Model Parameters , The Burg Method for the AR Model parameters , - unconstrained least,squares method for the AR Model parameters ,sequential estimation - methods for the AR Model parameters ,selection of AR Model order.

Unit II - ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING
FIR adaptive filters , steepest descent adaptive filter ,LMS algorithm ,convergence of LMS - algorithms , Application: noise cancellation ,channel equalization , - adaptive recursive filters ,recursive least squares.

Unit III - MULTIRATE SIGNAL PROCESSING
Decimation by a factor D,Interpolation by a factor I , Filter Design and implementation for - sampling rate conversion: Direct form FIR filter structures ,Polyphase filter structure.

Unit IV - SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING
Digital models for speech signal : Mechanism of speech production ,model for vocal tract, - radiation and excitation , complete model ,time domain processing of speech signal: Pitch - period estimation , using autocorrelation function , Linear predictive Coding: Basic - Principles , autocorrelation method , Durbin recursive solution.

Unit V - WAVELET TRANSFORMS
Fourier Transform : Its power and Limitations , Short Time Fourier Transform , - The Gabor Transform , Discrete Time Fourier Transform and filter banks , - Continuous Wavelet Transform , Wavelet Transform Ideal Case , - Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks and wavelets , Recursive multi-resolution decomposition , - Haar Wavelet , Daubechies Wavelet.

TEXTBOOKS
John G.Proakis, Dimitris G.Manobakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
Algorithms and Applications, Third edition, (2000) PHI.
Monson H.Hayes , Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, Wiley, 2002.
REFERENCES
L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaber, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Pearson
Education (1979).
Roberto Crist, Modern Digital Signal Processing, Thomson Brooks/Cole (2004)
Raghuveer. M. Rao, Ajit S.Bopardikar, Wavelet Transforms, Introduction to Theory
and applications, Pearson Education, Asia, 2000.

10144ECE23, Cryptography and Network Security

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
OSI Security Architecture ,Classical Encryption techniques ,Cipher Principles - Data Encryption Standard , Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of Operation - Evaluation criteria for AES , AES Cipher - Triple DES , Placement of Encryption Function - Traffic Confidentiality.

Unit II - PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
Key Management ,Diffie,Hellman key Exchange - Elliptic Curve Architecture and Cryptography - Introduction to Number Theory - Confidentiality using Symmetric - Encryption ,Public Key Cryptography and RSA.

Unit III - AUTHENTICATION AND HASH FUNCTION
Authentication requirements , Authentication functions , Message Authentication Codes - Hash Functions ,Security of Hash Functions and MACs - MD5 message Digest algorithm , Secure Hash Algorithm , RIPEMD - HMAC Digital Signatures , Authentication Protocols - Digital Signature Standard.

Unit IV - NETWORK SECURITY
Authentication Applications: Kerberos , X.509 Authentication Service - Electronic Mail Security , PGP , S/MIME , IP Security - Web Security.

Unit V - SYSTEM LEVEL SECURITY
Intrusion detection ,password management - Viruses and related Threats - Virus Counter measures , Firewall Design Principles - Trusted Systems.

TEXT BOOKS
1. William Stallings, Cryptography And Network Security Principles and Practices,
Pearson Education, Third Edition, 2003.
2. Behrouz A. Foruzan, Cryptography and Network Security, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007
REFERENCES
1. Pachghare, Cryptography and Information Security , PHI, 2009.
2. Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Security in Computing, Third Edition,
Pearson Education, 2003
3. Wade Trappe and Lawrence C. Washington , Introduction to Cryptography with
coding theory , Pearson Education, 2007.
4. Thomas Calabrese, Information Security Intelligence : Cryptographic Principles and
Applications, Thomson Delmar Learning,2006.
5. Atul Kahate, Cryptography and Network Security, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003.

10144ECE24, Information Theory

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF INFORMATION
Basic inequalities, Entropy, Kullback,Leibler distance - Mutual information, Bounds on entropy, Fisher information - Cramer Rao inequality, Second law of thermodynamics - Sufficient statistic , Entropy rates of a Stochastic process

Unit II - CAPACITY OF NOISELESS CHANNEL
Fundamental theorem for a noiseless channel ,Data compression , Kraft inequality - Shannon-Fano codes , Huffman codes , Asymptotic equipartition , Rate distortion theory - .

Unit III - CHANNEL CAPACITY
Properties of channel capacity , Jointly typical sequences , Channel Coding Theorem - converse to channel coding theorem, Joint source channel coding theorem

Unit IV - DIFFERENTIAL ENTROPY AND GAUSSIAN CHANNEL
AEP for continuous random variables, relationship between continuous and discrete - entropy, properties of differential entropy, Gaussian channel definitions, - converse to coding theorem for Gaussian channel - channels with colored noise, Gaussian channels with feedback .

Unit V - NETWORK INFORMATION THEORY
Gaussian multiple user channels , Multiple access channel - Encoding of correlated sources , Broadcast channel , Relay channel - Source coding and rate distortion with side information - General multi,terminal networks.

TEXTBOOK
1. Elements of Information theory , Thomas Cover, Joy Thomas : Wiley 1999
REFERENCE
1. Information theory, inference & learning algorithms ,David Mackay.

10144ECE26, Robotics

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - FUNDAMENTALS OF ROBOT
Robot ,Definition ,Robot Anatomy , Co ,ordinate system, - work envelope, type and classification ,specifications - pitch, Yaw, Roll, Joint Notations, Speed of Motion, Pay Load - Robot Parts and Their functions , Need for Robots , Different Applications

Unit II - ROBOT DRIVE SYSTEMS AND END EFFECTIORS
Pneumatic Drive ,Hydraulic drives , Mechanical Drives - Electrical Drives , D.C. Servo Motors Stepper Motor, A.C. Servo Motors - Salient Features, Applications and comparison ofall these Drives.End - Effectors , Grippers , Mechanical Grippers - Pneumatic and Hydraulic Gripper, Magnetic Grippers, Vacuum Grippers - Two fingered and three fingered Grippers, Internal Grippers - Internal Grippers and External Grippers. - Selection and Design Considerations.

Unit III - SENSORS AND MACHINE VISION
Requirements of a sensor, principles and Applications of the following types of sensors - position of sensors (Poezo Electric Sensor, LVDT, Resolves, Optical Encoders - Pneumatic position Sensors). Range Sensors (Triangulation Principle - Structured, Lighting Approach, Time of Flight Range Finders - Laser Range Meters),Proximity Sensors (Inductive, Hall Effect - Capacitive, Ultrasonic and Optical Proximity Sensors), Touch Sensors - (Binary Sensors, Analog Sensors), Wrist Sensors, Compliance Sensors - Slip Sensors. Camera, Frame Grabber, Sensing and Digitizing Image Date - Signal Conversion, Image Storage, Lighting Techniques, Image Processing and Analysis - Data Reduction, Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Object Recognition, - Other Algorithms, Applications , Inspection, Identification, Visual Serving and Navigation.

Unit IV - ROBOT KINEMATICS AND ROBOT PROGRAMMING
Forward kinematics, Inverse Kinematics and Difference , Forward kinematics and Reverse - Kinematics and Manipulators with Two, Three Degree of Freedom (In 2 Dimensional) - Four Degrees of Freedom (In 3 Dimensional) ,DH matrices , Deviations and Problems - Teach Pendant programming, Lead through Programming, Robot Programming Languages - VAL Programming ,Motion Commends, Sensor Command - End effector commands, and Simple programs.

Unit V - IMPLEMTATION AND ROBOT ECONOMICS
RGV, AGV, Implementation of Robots in Industries - Various Steps, Safety Considerations for Robot Operations - Economic Analysis of Robots , Pay back Method - EUAC method, Rate of Return Method

TEXT BOOKS
1. M.P. Gwover Industrial Robotics - Technology, Programming and Application,
MCgraw Hill 2001
2. FG K.S. Gonzalz RC and Lee CSG, Robotics Control, Sensing, Vision and
Intelligence, MC Graw ? Hill Book 1987.

10144ECE27, Radar and Navigational Aids

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Introduction to Radar Basic Radar
The simple form of the Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram, Radar Frequencies , - Applications of Radar , The Origins of Radar - The Radar Equation - Introduction, Detection of Signals in Noise, Receiver Noise and the Signal,to,Noise - Ratio,Probability Density Functions, Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm, - Integration of Radar Pulses,Radar Cross Section of Targets, - Radar cross Section Fluctuations, Transmitter Power,Pulse Repetition Frequency,Antenna Parameters, System losses ,Other Radar Equation Considerations

Unit II - MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar
Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar,Delay ,Line Cancelers, Staggered Pulse - Repetition Frequencies ,Doppler Filter Banks , Digital MTI Processing , - Moving Target Detector , Limitations to MTI Performance , - MTI from a Moving Platform (AMIT) , Pulse Doppler Radar , Other Doppler Radar Topics, Tracking with Radar ,Monopulse Tracking ,Conical Scan and Sequential Lobing , - Limitations to Tracking Accuracy , Low,Angle Tracking ,Tracking in Range , - Other Tracking Radar Topics ,Comparison of - Trackers , Automatic Tracking with Surveillance Radars (ADT).

Unit III - Detection of Signals in Noise
Introduction ,Matched ,Filter Receiver ,Detection - Criteria ,Detectors ,Automatic Detector , Integrators , Constant,False,Alarm Rate - Receivers , The Radar operator , Signal Management , Propagation Radar Waves , - Atmospheric Refraction ,Standard propagation ,Nonstandard Propagation ,The Radar - Antenna , Reflector Antennas ,Electronically Steered Phased Array Antennas ,Phase - Shifters ,Frequency,Scan Arrays - Radar Transmitters - Introduction ,Linear Beam Power Tubes , Solid State RF Power - Sources ,Magnetron , Crossed Field Amplifiers , Other RF Power Sources ,Other - aspects of Radar Transmitter. - Radar Receivers - The Radar Receiver ,Receiver noise Figure , Superheterodyne - Receiver ,Duplexers and Receiver Protectors, Radar Displays.

Unit IV - Introduction
Introduction ,Four methods of Navigation . - Radio Direction Finding - The Loop Antenna ,Loop Input Circuits , An Aural Null - Direction Finder , The Goniometer , Errors in Direction Finding ,Adcock Direction - Finders , Direction Finding at Very High Frequencies , - Automatic Direction Finders , The Commutated Aerial Direction Finder , - Range and Accuracy of Direction Finders - Radio Ranges - The LF/MF Four course Radio Range , VHF Omni Directional - Range(VOR) ,VOR Receiving Equipment , Range and Accuracy of VOR ,Recent - Developments. - Hyperbolic Systems of Navigation (Loran and Decca) - Loran,A ,Loran,A Equipment ,Range and precision of Standard Loran , - Loran,C ,The Decca Navigation System, - Decca Receivers , Range and Accuracy of Decca ,The Omega System

Unit V - DME and TACAN
Distance Measuring Equipment , Operation of DME ,TACAN , - TACAN Equipment - Aids to Approach and Landing - Instrument Landing System , Ground Controlled Approach System ,Microwave Landing System(MLS) - Doppler Navigation - The Doppler Effect , Beam Configurations ,Doppler Frequency - Equations , Track Stabilization , Doppler Spectrum , Components of the Doppler - Navigation System , Doppler range Equation , Accuracy of Doppler Navigation Systems. - Inertial Navigation - Principles of Operation , Navigation Over the Earth , Components - of an Inertial Navigation System , Earth Coordinate Mechanization , Strapped,Down - Systems ,Accuracy of Inertial Navigation Systems. - Satellite Navigation System - The Transit System , Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS)

TEXTBOOKS
1. Merrill I. Skolnik ,Introduction to Radar Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill (3rd Edition)
2003.
2. N.S.Nagaraja, Elements of Electronic Navigation Systems, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Peyton Z. Peebles:, Radar Principles, Johnwiley, 2004
2. J.C Toomay, Principles of Radar, 2nd Edition ?PHI, 2004 .
 

10144GE010, Intellectual Property Rights

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Introduction , Invention and Creativity ,Intellectual Property (IP)
Importance ,Protection of IPR ,Basic types of property (i) - Movable Property , Immovable Property - and , Intellectual Property.

Unit II - IP ,Patents ,Copyrights and related rights
Trade Marks and rights arising from - Trademark registration ,Definitions - Industrial Designs and Integrated circuits - Protection of Geographical Indications at national and International levels - Application Procedures.

Unit III - International convention relating to Intellectual Property ,Establishment of WIPO
Mission and Activities , History - General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) - TRIPS Agreement.

Unit IV - Indian Position Vs WTO and Strategies ,Indian IPR legislations
commitments to WTO-Patent Ordinance and the Bill - Draft of a national Intellectual Property Policy - Present against unfair competition.

Unit V - Case Studies on , Patents (Basumati rice, turmeric, Neem (etc)
Copyright and related rights , Trade Marks - Industrial design and Integrated circuits - Geographic indications ,Protection against unfair competition.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Subbaram N.R. Handbook of Indian Patent Law and Practice , S. Viswanathan
Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1998.
REFERENCES:
1. Eli Whitney, United States Patent Number: 72X, Cotton Gin, March 14, 1794.
2. Intellectual Property Today: Volume 8, No. 5, May 2001, [www.iptoday.com].
3. Using the Internet for non-patent prior art searches, Derwent IP Matters, July 2000.
www.ipmatters.net/features/000707_gibbs.html

10144ECE31, Advanced MIcroprocessors

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 80186, 80286, 80386 AND 80486 MICROPROCESSORS
80186 Architecture, Enhancements of 80186 , 80286 Architecture, Real and Virtual - Addressing Modes , 80386 Architecture , Special Registers , Memory Management, - Memory Paging Mechanism, 80486 Architecture,Enhancements , Cache Memory - Techniques , Exception Handling , Comparison of Microprocessors (8086 , 80186 , - 80286 , 80386 , 80486).

Unit II - PENTIUM MICROPROCESSORS
Pentium Microprocessor Architecture , Special Pentium Registers , Pentium Memory - Management , New Pentium Instructions , Pentium Pro Microprocessor Architecture , - Special features , Pentium II Microprocessor Architecture , Pentium III Microprocessor - Architecture , Pentium III Architecture, Pentium IV Architecture , Comparison of - Pentium Processors.

Unit III - RISC PROCESSORS I
PowerPC620 , Instruction fetching,Branch Prediction , Fetching, Speculation, - Instruction dispatching, dispatch stalls, Instruction Execution , Issue stalls, Execution - Parallelism , Instruction completion , Basics of P6 micro architecture ,Pipelining , ourof- core pipeline Memory subsystem.

Unit IV - RISC PROCESSORS II(Superscalar Processors)
Intel i960 , Intel IA32, MIPS R8000 , MIPS R10000, Motorola 88110 , Ultra SPARC - processor, SPARC version 8 , SPARC version 9.

Unit V - PC HARDWARE OVERVIEW
Functional units & Interconnection, New Generation Mother Boards 286 to Pentium 4 - Bus Interface, ISA, EISA, VESA, PCI, PCIX. Peripheral Interfaces and Controller, - Memory and I/O Port Addresses.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. B.B.Brey The Intel Microprocessor 8086/8088 /80186/80188, 80286, 80386,80486 PENTIUM, PENTIUM Pro, PII, PIII & IV Archietecture, Programming &
Interfacing, Pearson Education , 2004.
2. John Paul Shen, Mikko H.Lipasti, Modern Processor Design, Tata Mcgraw Hill,2006.
REFERENCES
1. Douglas V.Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing, Tata McGraw Hill, II Edition 2006
2. Mohamed Rafiquzzaman, Microprocessors and Microcomputer Based System Design, II Edition, CRC Press, 2007.

10144ECE32, Dot Net and Java Programming

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Introduction to JAVA , I/O streaming ,files , classes and Inheritance , Interfaces
Array & string , Packages , exception handling , thread , Applet ,Event handling - database programming using JDBC.

Unit II - Looking up internet address ,Socket Programming, Client Server programs , Email client
SMTP , PoP3 programs , web page retrieval, Protocol handlers - content handlers , Remote method invocation , JAVA IDL.

Unit III - Java Script Introduction , control structures ,functions , arrays , objects ,servlets
deployment of simple servlets , webserver ( JAVA webserver Tomcat weblogic) , - HTTP GET and Post requests , session tracking, cookies, JDBC - Simple web applications .

Unit IV - Overview of .NET framework , Working with XML
Techniques for reading and writing XML data ADO.NET connected and Disconnected Models - simple and complex data binding , Data grid view class.

Unit V - Application domains, Remoting , leasing and sponsorship
NET coding design guidelines , Assemblies , security - Application development web services - building and XML web services , web service client,WSDL and SOAP - web service with complex data - types ,web service performance.

Text Books:
1. Cays Horstman, Core Java, Volume 1- fundamentals, Prentice Hall, 8th edition.
2. Stephen C. Perry, Core C# and . NET, Pearson education, 2006.
References:
1. Balagurusamy, Java Programming, 3rd edition, 2004.
2. Deitel & Deitel, Internet and Web Programming, 4th edition, Prentice Hall.
3. Thuan Thai and Hoany Q.Lam, .NET framework essentials, 2nd edition, reilly, 2002
 

10144ECE33, High Speed Networks

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Frame Relay Networks , Asynchronous transfer mode , ATM Protocol Architecture,
ATM logical Connection, ATM Cell , ATM Service Categories , AAL, High Speed LANs: - Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Fiber Channel , Wireless LANs: applications, - requirements , Architecture of 802.11

Unit II - CONGESTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Queuing Analysis, Queuing Models ,Single Server Queues , Effects of Congestion , - Congestion Control ,Traffic Management ,Congestion Control in Packet Switching - Networks, Frame Relay Congestion Control.

Unit III - TCP AND ATM CONGESTION CONTROL
TCP Flow control , TCP Congestion Control , Retransmission , Timer Management , - Exponential RTO backoff , KARNâ s Algorithm , Window management , Performance of - TCP over ATM. Traffic and Congestion control in ATM , Requirements , Attributes , - Traffic Management Frame work, Traffic Control , ABR traffic Management , ABR rate - control, RM cell formats, ABR Capacity allocations , GFR traffic management.

Unit IV - INTEGRATED AND DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES
Integrated Services Architecture , Approach, Components, Services- Queuing - Discipline, FQ, PS, BRFQ, GPS, WFQ , Random Early Detection, Differentiated - Services

Unit V - PROTOCOLS FOR QOS SUPPORT
RSVP , Goals & Characteristics, Data Flow, RSVP operations, Protocol Mechanisms , - Multiprotocol Label Switching ,Operations, Label Stacking, Protocol details , RTP, - Protocol Architecture, Data Transfer Protocol, RTCP.

TEXT BOOK
1. William Stallings, HIGH SPEED NETWORKS AND INTERNET, Pearson Education, Second Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Warland, Pravin Varaiya, High performance communication networks, Second Edition , Jean Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd., , 2001.
2. Irvan Pepelnjk, Jim Guichard, Jeff Apcar, MPLS and VPN architecture, Cisco Press, Volume 1 and 2, 2003.
3. Abhijit S. Pandya, Ercan Sea, ATM Technology for Broad Band Telecommunication Networks, CRC Press, New York, 2004.

10144ECE34, Soft Computing

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - FUZZY SET THEORY
Introduction to Neuro , Fuzzy and Soft Computing , Fuzzy Sets , Basic Definition and - Terminology , Set-theoretic Operations , Member Function Formulation and - Parameterization , Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principle and Fuzzy - Relations , Fuzzy If,Then Rules , Fuzzy Reasoning , Fuzzy Inference Systems , - Mamdani Fuzzy Models , Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models , Input - Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling.

Unit II - OPTIMIZATION
Derivative,based Optimization , Descent Methods , The Method of Steepest Descent, - Classical Newtonâ??s Method ,Step Size Determination , Derivative-free Optimization , - Genetic Algorithms ,Simulated Annealing , Random Search , Downhill Simplex - Search.

Unit III - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Introduction, Knowledge Representation ,Reasoning, Issues and Acquisition: - Prepositional and Predicate Calculus Rule Based knowledge Representation Symbolic - Reasoning Under Uncertainity Basic knowledge Representation Issues Knowledge - acquisition , Heuristic Search: Techniques for Heuristic search Heuristic Classification , - State Space Search: Strategies Implementation of Graph Search Search based on - Recursion Patent-directed Search Production System and Learning.

Unit IV - NEURO FUZZY MODELING
Adaptive Neuro,Fuzzy Inference Systems , Architecture , Hybrid Learning Algorithm , - Learning Methods that Cross ANFIS and RBFN , Coactive Neuro Fuzzy Modeling , - Framework Neuron Functions for Adaptive Networks , Neuro Fuzzy Spectrum.

Unit V - APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Printed Character Recognition ,Inverse Kinematics Problems , Automobile Fuel - Efficiency Prediction,Soft Computing for Color Recipe Prediction.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.S.R.Jang, C.T.Sun and E.Mizutani, Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing, PHI, 2004,Pearson Education 2004.
2. N.P.Padhy, Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems, Oxford University Press, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Second Edition, Tata Mcgraw HillPublishing Comp., 2006, New Delhi.
2. Timothy J.Ross, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
3. Davis E.Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms: Search, Optimization and Machine Learning,Addison Wesley, N.Y., 1989.
4. S. Rajasekaran and G.A.V.Pai, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and GeneticAlgorithms, PHI, 2003.
5. R.Eberhart, P.Simpson and R.Dobbins, Computational Intelligence PC Tools, APProfessional, Boston, 1996.
6. Amit Konar, Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Behaviour and Cognitive modelof the human brain, CRC Press, 2008.

10144ECE35, Multimedia Compression & Communication

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS
Introduction , Multimedia skills ,Multimedia components and their chacracteristics - Text, sound, images, graphics, animation, video, hardware.

Unit II - AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION
Audio compression,DPCM-Adaptive PCM ,adaptive predictive coding-linear Predictive - coding,code excited LPC,perpetual coding Video compression ,principles,H.261, H.263 - MPEG 1, 2, 4.

Unit III - TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION
Compression principles,source encoders and destination encoders,lossless and lossy - compression,entropy encoding ,source encoding ,text compression , - static Huffman coding dynamic coding ,arithmetic coding - Lempel zivwelsh Compression,image compression

Unit IV - VoIP TECHNOLOGY
Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP ,Network Architecture, Protocols - Call establishment and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service, CODEC Methods - VOIP applicability

Unit V - MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING
Multimedia networking,Applications,streamed stored and audio,making the best Effort - service,protocols for real time interactive Applications,distributing multimedia - beyond best effort service,secluding and policing Mechanisms - integrated services-differentiated Services,RSVP.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Fred Halsall Multimedia communication - applications, networks, protocols andstandards, Pearson education, 2007.
2. Tay Vaughan, Multideai: making it work, 7/e, TMH 2007
3. Kurose and W.Ross Computer Networking a Top down approach, Pearson education2007
REFERENCES
1. Marcus gonzalves Voice over IP Networks, Mcgaraw hill
2. KR. Rao,Z S Bojkovic, D A Milovanovic, Multimedia Communication Systems:Techniques, Standards, and Networks, Pearson Education 2007
3. R. Steimnetz, K. Nahrstedt, Multimedia Computing, Communications andApplications, Pearson Education
4. Ranjan Parekh, Principles of Multimedia, TMH 2006

10144ECE36, Parallel and Distributed Processing

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION TO PARALLEL PROCESSING AND PARALLEL
ARCHITECTURES - Need and definition of parallel processing, shared memory multiprocessing, Distributed - memory, using parallelism, tools and languages, Parallelism in sequential machines, - Multiprocessor architecture, Pipelining, Array processors.

Unit II - SHARED MEMORY PROGRAMMING AND THREAD BASED
IMPLEMENTATION - Shared Memory Programming and its general model, Process model under UNIX, - Thread management, Example with threads, Attributes of Threads, Mutual Exclusion - with threads and Thread implementation..

Unit III - DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ,MESSAGE PASSING AND RPC MODEL
Message-passing model, General model, programming model, PVM, Remote procedure - calls (RPC), Parameter passing, JAVA Remote Method Invocation, Distributed - computing environment(DCE), Developing Applications in DCE.

Unit IV - DEBUGGING PARALLEL PROGRAMS AND OTHER PARALLELISM
PARADIGMS - Debugging Techniques, Debugging Message passing parallel programs and shared - memory parallel programs, Dataflow computing, systolic architectures, functional and - logic paradigms, distributed shared memory.

Unit V - DISTRIBUTED DATABASES AND DISTRIBUTED OPERATING
SYSTEMS - Reasons for and objectives of distributed databases, issues and systems, distribution - options, concurrency control, DDBMS structure. Need for Distributed operating systems, - network operating systems, distributed OS, Goals of DOS and Design issues.

TEXT BOOKS
1. M.Sasikumar, D.Shikhare and P. Ravi Prakash, Introduction to Parallel processing.PHI 2006.
2. V. Rajaraman, C. Siva Ram Murthy, Parallel computers: Architecture andprogramming, PHI 2006.
REFERENCES
1. Harry F. Jordan, Gita Alaghband, Fundamentals of parallel processing, PHI 2006.
2. Quinn, M.J., Designing Efficient Algorithms for Parallel Computers, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
3. Culler, D.E., Parallel Computer Architecture, A Hardware â?? Software approach,Harcourt Asia Pte. Ltd., 1999

 

10144EC701, Wireless Communication

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - SERVICES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
Types of Services, Requirements for the services, Multipath propagation, Spectrum - Limitations, Noise and Interference limited systems, Principles of Cellular networks, - Multiple Access Schemes.

Unit II - WIRELESS PROPAGATION CHANNELS
Propagation Mechanisms (Qualitative treatment), Propagation effects with mobile radio, - Channel Classification, Link calculations, Narrowband and Wideband models.

Unit III - WIRELESS TRANSCEIVERS
Structure of a wireless communication link, Modulation and demodulation,Quadrature - Phase Shift Keying, /4 Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, Offset Quadrature - Phase Shift Keying, Binary Frequency Shift Keying, Minimum Shift Keying, Gaussian - Minimum Shift Keying, Power spectrum and Error performance in fading channels.

Unit IV - SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Principle of Diversity, Macrodiversity, Microdiversity, Signal Combining Techniques, - Transmit diversity, Equalisers Linear and Decision Feedback equalisers, Review of - Channel coding and Speech coding techniques.

Unit V - ADVANCED TRANSCEIVER SCHEMES
Spread Spectrum Systems Cellular Code Division Multiple Access Systems Principle, - Power control, Effects of multipath propagation on Code Division Multiple Access, - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Principle, Cyclic Prefix, Transceiver - implementation, Second Generation(GSM, IS 95) and Third Generation Wireless - Networks and Standards

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Andreas.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley India, 2006.
2. Simon Haykin & Michael Moher, Modern Wireless Communications, Pearson
Education, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Rappaport. T.S., Wireless communications, Pearson Education, 2003.
2. Gordon L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Springer International Ltd.,
2001.
3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

10144EC702, Optical Communication and Networking

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - INTRODUCTION
Introduction, Ray theory transmission - Total internal reflection Acceptance angle - Numerical aperture - Skew rays - Electromagnetic mode theory of optical propagation - EM waves - modes in Planar guide - phase and group velocity - cylindrical fibers - SM fibers.

Unit II - TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS
Attenuation - Material absorption losses in silica glass fibers - Linear and Non linear Scattering losses - Fiber Bend losses - Midband and farband infra red transmission - Intra and inter Modal Dispersion - Over all Fiber Dispersion - Polarization - non linear Phenomena. - Optical fiber connectors, - Fiber alignment and Joint Losses - Fiber Splices - Fiber connectors - Expanded Beam Connectors - Fiber Couplers.

Unit III - SOURCES AND DETECTORS
Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes - LED structures - surface and edge emitters, - mono and hetero structures - internal quantum efficiency, injection laser diode - structures - comparison of LED and ILD - Optical Detectors: PIN Photo detectors, - Avalanche photo diodes, - construction, - characteristics and properties, - Comparison of performance, - Photo detector noise Noise sources , - Signal to Noise ratio , - Detector response time.

Unit IV - FIBER OPTIC RECEIVER AND MEASUREMENTS
Fundamental receiver operation, Pre amplifiers, - Error sources - Receiver Configuration - Probability of Error - Quantum limit. - Fiber Attenuation measurements - Dispersion measurements - Fiber Refractive index - profile measurements - Fiber cut off Wave length Measurements - Fiber Numerical - Aperture Measurements - Fiber diameter measurements.

Unit V - OPTICAL NETWORKS
Basic Networks - SONET / SDH - Broadcast and select WDM Networks - Wavelength Routed Networks - Non linear effects on Network performance - Performance of WDM + EDFA system - Solitons - Optical CDMA - Ultra High Capacity - Networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communication John M. Senior Pearson Education Second
Edition. 2007
2. Optical Fiber Communication Gerd Keiser Mc Graw Hill Third Edition. 2000
REFERENCES:
1.J.Gower, Optical Communication System, Prentice Hall of India, 2001
2. Rajiv Ramaswami, Optical Networks , Second Edition, Elsevier , 2004.
3. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems, third edition, John Wiley &
sons, 2004.
4. R.P. Khare, Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics, Oxford University Press, 2007.

10144EC703, RF and Microwave Engineering

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - TWO PORT RF NETWORKS-CIRCUIT REPRESENTATION
Low frequency parameters - impedance ,admittance, hybrid and ABCD. High frequency - parameters - Formulation of S parameters, properties of S parameters - Reciprocal and - lossless networks, transmission matrix, - Introduction to component basics, wire, resistor, - capacitor and inductor, applications of RF

Unit II - RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN AND MATCHING NETWORKS
Amplifier power relation, stability considerations, gain considerations noise figure, - impedance matching networks, frequency response, T and ? matching networks, - microstripline matching networks

Unit III - MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS
Microwave frequency range,significance of microwave frequency range - applications of microwaves. Scattering matrix - Concept of N port scattering matrix representation - Properties of S matrix - S matrix formulation of two-port junction. - Microwave junctions - Tee junctions - Magic Tee - Rat race - Corners - bends and twists - Directional couplers - two hole directional couplers - Ferrites - important microwave properties and applications - Termination - Gyrator - Isolator - Circulator - Attenuator - Phase changer - S Matrix for microwave components - Cylindrical cavity resonators.

Unit IV - MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Microwave semiconductor devices - operation - characteristics and application of BJTs and FETs - Principles of tunnel diodes - Varactor and Step recovery diodes - Transferred Electron Devices - Gunn diode - Avalanche Transit time devices - IMPATT and TRAPATT devices. - Parametric devices - Principles of operation - applications of parametric amplifier - Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) - Materials and fabrication techniques

Unit V - MICROWAVE TUBES AND MEASUREMENTS
Microwave tubes - High frequency limitations - Principle of operation of Multicavity - Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Traveling Wave Tube, Magnetron. - Microwave measurements: - Measurement of power, wavelength, impedance, SWR, attenuation, Q and Phase shift.

TEXT BOOK:
1) Samuel Y Liao, Microwave Devices & Circuits , Prentice Hall of India, 2006.
2) Reinhold.Ludwig and Pavel Bretshko RF Circuit Design, Pearson Education, Inc.,
2006
REFERENCES:
1. Robert. E.Collin-Foundation of Microwave Engg ?Mc Graw Hill.
2. Annapurna Das and Sisir K Das, Microwave Engineering, Tata Mc Graw
3. Hill Inc., 2004.
4. M.M.Radmanesh , RF & Microwave Electronics Illustrated, Pearson
Education, 2007.
5. Robert E.Colin, 2ed Foundations for Microwave Engineering, McGraw Hill, 2001
6. D.M.Pozar, Microwave Engineering., John Wiley & sons, Inc., 2006.

10144EC704, VLSI Design

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - CMOS TECHNOLOGY
A brief History - MOS transistor, - Ideal I V characteristics, - C V characteristics, - Non ideal I V - effects, - DC transfer characteristics - CMOS technologies, Layout design Rules, CMOS process - enhancements, Technology related CAD issues, Manufacturing issues

Unit II - CIRCUIT CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION
Delay estimation, Logical effort and Transistor sizing, Power dissipation, Interconnect, - Design margin, - Reliability, - Scaling- - SPICE tutorial, - Device models, - Device characterization, Circuit characterization, Interconnect simulation

Unit III - COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN
Circuit families - Low power logic design - comparison of circuit families - Sequencing static circuits, - circuit design of latches and flip flops, - Static sequencing element methodology - sequencing dynamic circuits - synchronizers

Unit IV - CMOS TESTING
Need for testing - Testers, Text fixtures and test programs - Logic verification - Silicon debug principles - Manufacturing test - Design for testability - Boundary scan

Unit V - SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL
Basic concepts - identifiers - gate primitives, - gate delays, - operators, - timing controls, - procedural assignments conditional statements, - Data flow and RTL, - structural gate level switch level modeling, - Design hierarchies, - Behavioral and RTL modeling, - Test benches, - Structural gate level description of decoder, - equality detector, - comparator, - priority encoder, half adder, - full adder, - Ripple carry adder, - D latch and D flip flop.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Weste and Harris: CMOS VLSI DESIGN (Third edition) Pearson Education, 2005
2. D.A Pucknell & K.Eshraghian , Basic VLSI Design , Third edition, PHI, 2003
REFERENCES:
1. Wayne Wolf, Modern VLSI design , Pearson Education, 2003
2. M.J.S.Smith:Application specific integrated circuits, Pearson Education, 1997
3. Ciletti , Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL , Prentice Hall of India, 2003
4. J.Bhasker: Verilog HDL primer , BS publication,2001(unit-V)

10144EC705, VLSI Lab

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - 1.Study of Simulation using tools.
2.Study of Synthesis tools. - 3.Place and Root and Back annotation for FPGAs. - 4.Study of development tool for FPGAs for schematic entry and verilog. - 5.Design of traffic light controller using verilog and above tools. - 6.Design and simulation of pipelined serial and parallel adder to add subtract 8 number - of size, 12 bits each in 2s complement. - 7. Design and simulation of back annotated verilog files for multiplying two signed, 8 bit - numbers in 2s complement. Design must be pipelined and completely RTL complaint. - 8. Study of FPGA board and testing on board LEDs and switches - using verilog codes. - 9. Testing the traffic controller design developed in SI.NO.5 on the FPGA board. - Design a realtime clock 2 digits, 7 segments LED displays each for HRS.,MTS, and - SECS. and demonstrate its working on the FPGA board. An expansion card is required - for the displays.

Books information not available

10144EC706, Optical & Microwave Lab

Subject Introduction / Notes not available

Unit I - Microwave Experiments:
1. Reflex Klystron Mode characteristics - 2. Gunn Diode Characteristics - 3. VSWR, Frequency and Wave Length Measurement - 4. Directional Coupler Directivity and Coupling Coefficient S parameter - measurement - 5. Isolator and Circulator S parameter measurement - 6. Attenuation and Power measurement - 7. S matrix Characterization of EPlane T, HPlane T and Magic T - 8. Radiation Pattern of Antennas. - 9. Antenna Gain Measurement

Unit II - Optical Experiments:
1. DC characteristics of LED and PIN Photo Diode. - 2. Mode Characteristics of Fibers - 3. Measurement of Connector and Bending Losses. - 4. Fiber Optic Analog and Digital Link - 5. Numerical Aperture Determination for Fibers - 6. Attenuation Measurement in Fibers

Books information not available

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