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2012 ECE IV SEM-BE Curriculum and Syllabus
Curriculum and Syllabus: BE 2012 ECE , AUC 2012
Semester:04
Curriculum and Syllabus: B.E. 2012 ECE, AUC 2012
Semester: 4
EC2251, Electronic Circuits II
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feedback amplifiers, oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and blocking oscillators.
OBJECTIVES
On completion of this course the student will understand
The advantages and method of analysis of feedback amplifiers
Analysis and design of LC and RC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators, blocking oscillators and time base generators.
Unit I - FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS
Block diagram, Loop gain, Gain with feedback - Effects of negative feedback : Sensitivity and desensitivity of gain - Effects of negative feedback : Cut-off frequencies, distortion, noise - Effects of negative feedback : Input impedance and output impedance with feedback - Four types of negative feedback connections - voltage series feedback - voltage shunt feedback - current series feedback - current shunt feedback - Method of identifying feedback topology and Feedback factor - Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.
Unit II - OSCILLATORS
Classification - Barkhausen Criterion : Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of amplitude - General form of an Oscillator - Analysis of LC oscillators - Hartley Oscillator - Colpitts Oscillator - Clapp Oscillator - Franklin Oscillator - Armstrong Oscillator - Tuned collector oscillators - RC oscillators phase shift Oscillator - Wien-bridge Oscillator - Twin-T Oscillators - Frequency range of RC and LC Oscillators - Quartz Crystal Construction, Electrical equivalent circuit of Crystal - Miller and Pierce Crystal oscillators - frequency stability of oscillators
Unit III - TUNED AMPLIFIERS
Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits - small signal tuned amplifiers - Analysis of capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier - double tuned amplifier - effect of cascading single tuned amplifiers on bandwidth - effect of cascading Double tuned amplifiers on bandwidth - Stagger tuned amplifiers - large signal tuned amplifiers - Class C tuned amplifier - Efficiency and applications of Class C tuned amplifier - Stability of tuned amplifiers - Neutralization - Hazeltine neutralization method.
Unit IV - WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS
RC & RL Integrator - RC & RL Differentiator circuits - Storage, Delay and Calculation of Transistor Switching Times - Speed-up Capacitor - Diode clippers - Diode comparator - Clampers - Collector coupled Astable multivibrator - Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator - Monostable multivibrator - Bistable multivibrators - Triggering methods for Bistable multivibrators - Schmitt trigger circuit.
Unit V - BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS
UJT sawtooth waveform generator - Pulse transformers - equivalent circuit - response and applications - Blocking Oscillator - Free running blocking oscillator - Astable Blocking - Oscillators with base timing - Push-pull Astable blocking oscillator with emitter timing - Frequency control using core saturation - Triggered blocking oscillator - Monostable blocking oscillator with base timing - Monostable blocking oscillator with emitter timing - Time base circuits - Voltage-Time base circuit - Current-Time base circuit - Linearization through adjustment of driving waveform.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Sedra / Smith, Micro Electronic Circuits Oxford University Press, 2004.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Millman J. and Taub H., Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms, TMH, 2000.
2. Schilling and Belove, Electronic Circuits, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002.
3. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nasheresky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th Edition, Pearson
Education PHI, 2002.
4. David A. Bell, Solid State Pulse Circuits, Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
5. Millman and Halkias. C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 1991.
EC2252, Communication Theory
AIM
To study the various analog communication fundamentals viz., Amplitude modulation
and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation. Noise performance of various
receivers and information theory with source coding theorem are also dealt.
OBJECTIVES
To provide various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide various Angle modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide some depth analysis in noise performance of various receiver.
To study some basic information theory with some channel coding theorem.
Unit I - AMPLITUDE MODULATION SYSTEMS
Review of Spectral Characteristics of Periodic and Non periodic signals - Generation and Demodulation of AM - DSBSC - SSB and VSB Signals - Comparison of Amplitude Modulation Systems - Frequency Translation - FDM - Non Linear Distortion
Unit II - ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS
Phase and Frequency Modulation - Single tone - Narrow Band and Wideband FM - Transmission Bandwidth - Generation and Demodulation of FM Signal
Unit III - NOISE THEORY
Review of Probability - Random Variables and Random Process - Gaussian Process - Noise,Shot noise - Thermal noise and white noise - Narrow band noise - Noise temperature - Noise Figure
Unit IV - PERFORMANCE OF CW MODULATION SYSTEMS
Superheterodyne Radio receiver and its characteristic - SNR - Noise in DSBSC systems using coherent detection - Noise in AM system using envelope detection and its FM system - FM threshold effect - Pre emphasis and De emphasis in FM - Comparison of performances
Unit V - INFORMATION THEORY
Discrete Messages and Information Content - Concept of Amount of Information - Average information - Entropy - Information rate - Source coding to increase average information per bit - Shannon Fano coding - Huffman coding - Lempel Ziv (LZ) coding - Shannons Theorem - Channel Capacity - Bandwidth S/N tradeoff - Mutual information and channel capacity - rate distortion theory - Lossy Source coding
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dennis Roddy & John Coolen , Electronic Communication (IV Ed.), Prentice Hall of
India.
2. Herbert Taub & Donald L Schilling ,Principles of Communication Systems
( 3rd Edition ) ,Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
REFERENCES
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, NY, 4th Edition, 2001.
2. Bruce Carlson ,Communication Systems. (III Ed.), Mc Graw Hill.
3. B.P.Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Third Edition, Oxford
Press,2007.
4. R.P Singh and S.D.Sapre, Communication Systems , Analog and Digital, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2007.
5. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Fundamentals of Communication Systems,
Pearson Education, 2006.
EC2253, Electromagnetic Fields
Aim
To familiarize the student to the concepts, calculations and pertaining to electric,
magnetic and electromagnetic fields so that an in depth understanding of antennas,
electronic devices, Waveguides is possible.
Objectives
To analyze fields a potentials due to static changes
To evaluate static magnetic fields
To understand how materials affect electric and magnetic fields
To understand the relation between the fields under time varying situations
To understand principles of propagation of uniform plane waves.
Unit I - STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS
Introduction to Co-ordinate System, Rectangular, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinate System - Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals - Definition of Curl,Divergence and Gradient, Meaning of Stokes theorem and Divergence theorem - Coulombs Law in Vector Form - Definition of Electric Field Intensity, Principle of Superposition, Electric Field due to discrete charges - Electric field due to continuous charge distribution, Electric Field due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and finite line - Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly charged circular disc, Electric Field due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet. - Electric Scalar Potential, Relationship between potential and electric field Potential due to infinite uniformly charged line - Potential due to electrical dipole, Electric Flux Density - Gauss Law, Proof of Gauss Law, Applications.
Unit II - STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD
The Biot-Savart Law in vector form. Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite wire carrying a current I - Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and rectangular loop carrying a current I - Amperes circuital law and simple applications. - Magnetic flux density. The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications - Force on a wire carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field - Torque on a loop carrying a current I - Magnetic moment. Magnetic Vector Potential
Unit III - ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS
Poissons and Laplace equation, Electric Polarization,Nature of dielectric materials, - Definition of Capacitance, Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace equation - Electrostatic energy and energy density, Boundary conditions for electric fields - Electric current, Current density, point form of ohms law, continuity equation for current - Definition of Inductance, Inductance of loops and solenoids, Definition of mutual inductance, simple examples. - Energy density in magnetic fields, Nature of magnetic materials - Magnetization and permeability, magnetic boundary conditions
Unit IV - TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Faradays law, Maxwells Second Equation in integral form from Faradays Law, Equation expressed in point form. - Displacement current , Amperes circuital law in integral form - Modified form of Amperes circuital law as Maxwells first equation in integral form, Equation expressed in point form. - Maxwells four equations in integral form and differential form. - Poynting Vector and the flow of power, Power flow in a co-axial cable - Instantaneous Average and Complex Poynting Vector
Unit V - ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Derivation of Wave Equation, Uniform Plane Waves, Maxwells equation in Phasor form - Wave equation in Phasor form, Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. - Wave equation for a conducting medium, Plane waves in lossy dielectrics - Propagation in good conductors Skin effect. - Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization. Reflection of Plane Wave from a conductor normal incidence - Reflection of Plane Waves by a perfect dielectric, normal and oblique incidence. - Dependence on Polarization. Brewster angle.
TEXT BOOKS
1. W H.Hayt & J A Buck : Engineering Electromagnetics TATA McGraw-Hill, 7th Edition
2007 (Unit I,II,III ).
3. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.
Pearson Education/PHI 4nd edition 2006. (Unit IV, V).
REFERENCES
1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku: Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics Oxford
University Press, 4th edition, 2007
2. Narayana Rao, N : Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics 6th edition,
Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2006.
3. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: Fields and Waves in Communications Electronics
John Wiley & Sons ,3rd edition 2003.
4. David K.Cheng: Field and Wave Electromagnetics - Second Edition-Pearson
Edition, 2004.
5. G.S.N. Raju, Electromagnetic Field Theory & Transmission Lines, Pearson
Education, 2006
EC2254, Linear Integrated Circuits
AIM
To teach the basic concepts in the design of electronic circuits using linear integrated
circuits and their applications in the processing of analog signals.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
To teach the theory of ADC and DAC
To introduce the concepts of waveform generation and introduce some special function ICs.
Unit I - IC FABRICATION AND CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR IC
Advantages of Ics over discrete components - Manufacturing process of monolithic Ics - Construction of monolithic bipolar transistor - Monolithic diodes,Integrated Resistors - Monolithic Capacitors,Inductors - Current mirror and current sources - Current sources as active loads - Voltage sources,Voltage References - BJT Differential amplifier with active loads - General operational amplifier stages - Internal circuit diagrams of IC 741 DC - AC performance characteristics, slew rate - Open and closed loop configurations
Unit II - APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits - Voltage Follower,V-to-I and I-to-V converters - Adder, subtractor, Instrumentation amplifier - Integrator, Differentiator,Logarithmic amplifier, - Antilogarithmic amplifier - Comparators, Schmitt trigger - Precision rectifier, peak detector - Clipper and clamper - Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth filters
Unit III - ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL
Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled Transistor Pair - Gilbert Multiplier cell - Variable transconductance technique - Analog multiplier ICs and their applications - Operation of the basic PLL - Closed loop analysis, Voltage controlled oscillator - Monolithic PLL IC 565 - application of PLL for AM detection, FM detection - FSK modulation and demodulation and Frequency synthesizing
Unit IV - ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS
Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter - specifications,weighted resistor type - R-2R Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current-Mode - R-2R Ladder types switches for D/A converters - high speed sample and hold circuits - A/D Converters,specifications - Flash type,Successive Approximation type,Single Slope type - Dual Slope type,A/D Converter using Voltage to Time Conversion, - Over sampling A/D Converters
Unit V - WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND SPECIAL FUNCTION ICs
Sine wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator - Saw tooth wave generator, ICL8038 function generator, - Timer IC 555, IC Voltage regulators - Three terminal fixed and adjustable voltage regulators - IC 723 general purpose regulator,Monolithic switching regulator - Switched capacitor filter IC MF10 - Frequency to Voltage and Voltage to Frequency converters - Audio Power amplifier, Video Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier - Opto-couplers and fibre optic IC
TEXT BOOKS
1. Sergio Franco, Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits, 3rd
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, New Age International Pvt.
Ltd., 2000.
REFERENCES
1. B.S.Sonde, System design using Integrated Circuits , New Age Pub, 2nd Edition,2001
2. Gray and Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, Wiley
International, 2005.
3. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, OP-AMP and Linear ICs, Prentice Hall / Pearson Education,
4th Edition, 2001.
4. J.Michael Jacob, Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits, Prentice
Hall of India, 1996.
5. William D.Stanley, Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson
Education, 2004.
6. K Lal Kishore, Operational Amplifier and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson
Education, 2006.
7. S.Salivahanan & V.S. Kanchana Bhaskaran, Linear Integrated Circuits, TMH, 2008.
EC2255, Control Systems
AIM
To familiarize the students with concepts related to the operation analysis and
stabilization of control systems
OBJECTIVES
To understand the open loop and closed loop (feedback ) systems
To understand time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems
required for stability analysis.
To understand the compensation technique that can be used to stabilize control
systems
Unit I - CONTROL SYSTEM MODELING
Basic Elements of Control System - Open loop and Closed loop systems - Differential equation - Transfer function - Modeling of Electric systems - Translational and rotational mechanical systems - Block diagram reduction Techniques - Signal flow graph
Unit II - TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Time response analysis - First Order Systems - Impulse and Step Response analysis of second order systems - Steady state errors - P, PI, PD and PID Compensation - Analysis using MATLAB
Unit III - FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Frequency Response Bode Plot - Polar Plot - Nyquist Plot - Frequency Domain specifications from the plots - Constant M and N Circles - Nicholas Chart, Use of Nicholas Chart in Control System Analysis - Series, Parallel, series-parallel Compensators - Lead Compensators - Lag Compensators - Lead Lag Compensators - Analysis using MATLAB
Unit IV - STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability - Routh-Hurwitz Criterion - Root Locus Technique and Construction of Root Locus - Stability, Dominant Poles - Application of Root Locus Diagram - Nyquist Stability Criterion, Relative Stability - Analysis using MATLAB
Unit V - STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS & DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
State space representation of Continuous Time systems - State equations - Transfer function from State Variable Representation - Solutions of the state equations - Concepts of Controllability and Observability - State space representation for Discrete time systems - Sampled Data control systems ,Sampling Theorem , Sample & Hold - Open loop & Closed loop sampled data systems.
TEXTBOOK
1. J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, Control System Engineering, New Age International
Publishers, 5th Edition, 2007.
2. M.Gopal, Control System Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition,
2002.
REFERENCES
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, Automatic control systems, Prentice Hall of India, 7th
Edition,1995.
2. M.Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
Schaum-s Outline Series,-Feedback and Control Systems- Tata McGraw-
Hill, 2007.
3. John J.Dazzo & Constantine H.Houpis,Linear control system analysis and design,
Tata McGrowHill, Inc., 1995.
4. Richard C.Dorf & Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems,Addidon Wesley,
1999.
MA2261, Probability and Random Processes
Aim :
This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts in random processes.
Knowledge of fundamentals and applications of random phenomena will greatly help in
the understanding of topics such as signals & systems, pattern recognition, voice and
image processing and filtering theory.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would
Have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts.
Have a well-founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real
life phenomena.
Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and
functions of random variables.
Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in
probabilistic manner.
Be able to analyze the response of random inputs to linear time invariant
systems.
Unit I - RANDOM VARIABLES
Discrete and continuous random variables - Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties - Binomial, Poisson distributions - Geometric, Uniform distributions - Exponential, Gamma and normal distributions - Function of Random Variable.
Unit II - TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIBLES
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions - Covariance - Correlation and Regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem (for iid random variables)
Unit III - CLASSIFICATION OF RANDOM PROCESSES
Definition and examples - first order, second order - strictly stationary - wide-sense stationary and ergodic processes - Markov process - Binomial, Poisson and Normal processes - Sine wave process - Random telegraph process.
Unit IV - CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES
Auto correlation - Cross correlation Properties - Power spectral density - Cross spectral density - Properties - Wiener Khintchine relation - Relationship between cross power spectrum and cross correlation function
Unit V - LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS
Linear time invariant system - System transfer function - Linear systems with random inputs - Auto correlation and cross correlation functions of input and output - white noise.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Oliver C. Ibe, Fundamentals of Applied probability and Random processes,
Elsevier, First Indian Reprint ( 2007) (For units 1 and 2)
2. Peebles Jr. P.Z., Probability Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishers, Fourth Edition, New Delhi, 2002.(For units 3, 4 and 5).
REFERENCES
1. Miller,S.L and Childers, S.L, Probability and Random Processes with applications to
Signal Processing and Communications, Elsevier Inc., First Indian Reprint 2007.
2. H. Stark and J.W. Woods, Probability and Random Processes with Applications
to Signal Processing, Pearson Education (Asia), 3rd Edition, 2002.
3. Hwei Hsu, Schaum?s Outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random
Variables and Random Processes, Tata McGraw-Hill edition, New Delhi, 2004.
4. Leon-Garcia,A, Probability and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering,
Pearson Education Asia, Second Edition, 2007
5. Yates and D.J. Goodman, Probability and Stochastic Processes, John Wiley and
Sons, Second edition, 2005.
EC2257, Electronics circuits II and simulation lab
Subject Introduction / Notes not available
Unit I - DESIGN OF FOLLOWING CIRCUITS
Series and Shunt feedback amplifiers - Frequency response, Input and output impedance calculation - RC Phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator - Hartley Oscillator, Colpitts Oscillator - Tuned Class C Amplifier - Integrators, Differentiators, Clippers and Clampers - Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrators
Unit II - SIMULATION USING PSPICE
Differential amplifier - Active filters : Butterworth 2nd order LPF, HPF (Magnitude & Phase Response) - Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrator Transistor bias - D/A and A/D converters (Successive approximation) - Analog multiplier - CMOS Inverter, NAND and NOR
Books information not available
EC2258, Linear Integrated Circuit Lab
Subject Introduction / Notes not available
Unit I - Design and testing of
Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers. - Integrator and Differentiator. - Instrumentation amplifier - Active lowpass, Highpass and bandpass filters. - Astable & Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp. - Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators using Op-Amp. - Astable and monostable multivibrators using NE555 Timer. - PLL characteristics and its use as Frequency Multiplier. - DC power supply using LM317 and LM723. - Study of SMPS.
Unit II - Simulation using PSPICE netlists
Instrumentation amplifier - Active lowpass, Highpass and bandpass filters. - Astable & Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using Op-Amp. - Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators using Op-Amp. - Astable and monostable multivibrators using NE555 Timer.
Books information not available
EC2259, Electrical Engineering and Control System Lab
AIM
To expose the students to the basic operation of electrical machines and help them
to develop experimental skills.
To study the concepts, performance characteristics, time and frequency response of
linear systems.
To study the effects of controllers.
Unit I - Electrical Machines
Open circuit and load characteristics of separately excited and self excited D.C.generator. - Load test on D.C. shunt motor. - Swinburnes test and speed control of D.C. shunt motor. - Load test on single phase transformer and open circuit and short circuit test on single phase transformer - Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods. - Load test on three phase induction motor. - Noload and blocked rotor tests on threephase induction motor. - Study of D.C. motor and induction motor starters.
Unit II - Control Systems
Digital simulation of linear systems. - Stability Analysis of Linear system using Matlab. - Study the effect of P, PI, PID controllers using Matlab. - Design of Lead and Lag compensator. - Transfer Function of separately excited D.C.Generator. - Transfer Function of armature and Field Controller D.C.Motor.
Books information not available
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