The oceans are crucial to human survival and happiness. They absorb greenhouse gases like carbon, provide us with food and livelihoods, regulate the weather, and help us transport materials across the world, inspire some of our greatest art, and offer recreation to billions of people around the world each year.
The Mariana Trench i.e. a spot recognized as the Challenger Deep is the deepest known part of the world's oceans, and the deepest location on the surface of the Earth's crust. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2550 km (1580 miles) long but has a mean width of only 69 km (43 miles) and forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. At the bottom of the trench, where the plates meet, the water column above exerts a pressure of 108.6 MPa, over one thousand times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. It reaches a maximum depth of about 11,034 meters (36,201 feet) at the Challenger Deep, a small slot-shaped valley in its floor, at its southern end. Scientists have investigated the climate coverts of the deepest part of the ocean, i.e. the Mariana Trench, in the western Pacific Ocean. In order to study the bottom of the 10.9 km-deep underwater canyon, the international team used a submersible designed to hold up immense pressures. Their early results disclose that ocean trenches are acting as carbon sinks. This proposes that they play a greater role in regulating the Earth’s chemistry and climate than was originally perceived.